Video: Nws siv zog npaum li cas los rhuav tshem ib daim ntawv cog lus?
2024 Tus sau: Miles Stephen | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-15 23:36
Raws li piv txwv ntawm daim ntawv cog lus dissociation enthalpy, rau tawg nce 1 mole ntawm gaseous hydrogen chloride molecules rau cais gaseous hydrogen thiab chlorine atoms yuav siv sij hawm 432 kJ. Cov daim ntawv cog lus dissociation enthalpy rau H-Cl daim ntawv cog lus yog +432 kJ mol-1.
| daim ntawv cog lus enthalpy (kJ mol-1) | |
|---|---|
| C-Cl | +346 |
| H-Cl | +432 |
Tom qab ntawd, ib tug kuj yuav nug, ua li cas koj xam lub zog uas yuav tsum tau los rhuav ib daim ntawv cog lus?
Bond zog yog txhais los ntawm cov sum ntawm tag nrho cov daim ntawv cog lus tawg rho tawm tag nrho cov daim ntawv cog lus ua: ΔH = ∑H( daim ntawv cog lus tawg) - ∑ H( daim ntawv cog lus tsim). ΔH yog qhov hloov pauv hauv bond zog , kuj hu ua tus daim ntawv cog lus enthalpy thiab ∑H yog cov lej ntawm cov daim ntawv cog lus lub zog rau txhua sab ntawm lub kev sib npaug.
Ib tug kuj yuav nug, vim li cas nws thiaj li xav tau lub zog los rhuav tshem daim ntawv cog lus? Zog yog xav tau rau tawg daim ntawv cog lus . Atoms zoo siab dua thaum lawv "sib yuav" thiab tso tawm zog vim tias nws yooj yim dua thiab ruaj khov dua kom muaj kev sib raug zoo (piv txwv li, los tsim octet hluav taws xob teeb tsa). Qhov hloov pauv enthalpy yog qhov tsis zoo vim tias lub kaw lus tso tawm zog thaum tsim daim ntawv cog lus.
Tsis tas li ntawd, yuav tsum muaj zog npaum li cas los rhuav tshem cov ntawv cog lus hydrogen?
Hauv dej hydrogen bonds , cov hydrogen atom yog covalently txuas rau cov pa oxygen ntawm cov dej molecule (492.2145 kJ ˣ mol-1 [350]) tab sis muaj (zoo) qhov kev nyiam ntxiv (kwv yees 23.3 kJ mol-1 [168]. Qhov no yog qhov zog (ΔH) xav tau kev tawg tus daim ntawv cog lus thiab tag nrho cais cov atoms.
Puas rhuav ib daim ntawv cog lus tso tawm lub zog?
tawg thiab ua bonds Zog yog absorbed rau tawg daim ntawv cog lus . Bond - tawg yog ib qho txheej txheem endothermic. Zog yog tso tawm thaum tshiab daim ntawv cog lus daim ntawv. Seb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv endothermic los yog exothermic nyob ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov zog xav tau tawg daim ntawv cog lus thiab cov zog tso tawm thaum tshiab daim ntawv cog lus daim ntawv.
Pom zoo:
Yuav ua li cas yog daim ntawv cog lus sib txawv ntawm daim ntawv cog lus ionic?
Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ionic thiab covalent daim ntawv cog lus yog tias covalent daim ntawv cog lus yog tsim thaum ob lub atoms sib koom electrons. Ionic bonds yog lub zog uas tuav ua ke electrostatic zog ntawm kev nyiam ntawm cov ions oppositely them. Ionic bonds muaj qhov sib txawv electronegativity ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 2
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm daim ntawv cog lus lub zog thiab daim ntawv cog lus dissociation zog?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm lub zog thiab lub zog bonddissociation yog tias lub zog sib txuas yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub zog xav tau los rhuav tshem tag nrho cov kev sib txuas ntawm tib ob hom atoms nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw sib txuas whereas daim ntawv cog lus dissociation zog yog tus nqi ntawm cov hluav taws xob xav tau los rhuav tshem ib qho kev sib koom ua ke inhomolysis
Dab tsi yog daim ntawv cog lus ionic thiab nws tsim li cas?
Ionic daim ntawv cog lus, tseem hu ua electrovalent bond, hom kev sib txuas tsim los ntawm electrostatic attraction ntawm oppositely them ions nyob rau hauv ib tug tshuaj compound. Xws li daim ntawv cog lus thaum lub valence (sab nrauv) electrons ntawm ib lub atom raug xa mus tas li mus rau lwm lub atom
Puas yog daim ntawv cog lus hydrogen zoo ib yam li daim ntawv cog lus?
Hydrogen daim ntawv cog lus yog lub npe muab rau electrostatic kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm tus nqi zoo ntawm hydrogen atom thiab tus nqi tsis zoo ntawm oxygen atom ntawm ib qho chaw nyob sib ze. Covalent daim ntawv cog lus yog qhov sib cuam tshuam electrostatic ntawm ob lub atom hauv tib lub molecule
Peptide daim ntawv cog lus muaj zog npaum li cas?
Cov peptide daim ntawv cog lus uas khi cov amino acids yog ib qho muaj zog tshaj plaws thiab ruaj khov ntawm covalent bonds. Ob lub amino acids tuaj yeem koom ua ke los ntawm lub cev qhuav dej kom tsim tau lub dipeptide. Hauv chav kuaj, peb tuaj yeem tawg, lossis hydrolyze, peptide bonds zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov cua sov thiab cov kua qaub