Video: Puas tuaj yeem sp3 daim ntawv cog lus pi?
2024 Tus sau: Miles Stephen | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-15 23:36
Tsis yog sp3 xwb, tab sis ib qho hybrid orbital. Txawm nyob rau hauv ib tug triple daim ntawv cog lus , zoo li hauv acetylene (H-C≡C-H), π daim ntawv cog lus yog tsim los ntawm px thiab py orbitals (los yog ib qho tsim nyog sib npaug sidelong orbital sib tshooj), thaum lub σ daim ntawv cog lus yog tsim nrog cov hybrid orbitals, uas muaj tsuas yog cov pz thiab s orbitals.
Ib yam li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem nug, pes tsawg pi bonds sp3 muaj?
Alkanes yog sp3 hybridized thiab tuaj yeem muaj txog li 4 daim ntawv cog lus, uas yog sigma daim ntawv cog lus (CH4, CH3Cl thiab lwm yam). Cov pa roj carbon ntawm alkene muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus thiab ob daim ntawv cog lus ib leeg, uas txhais tau tias 2 sigma daim ntawv cog lus. Plus 1 sigma thiab 1 pi yib (pz-orbitals) los ntawm C = C.
Qhov twg hybridization tswvyim pub rau pi daim ntawv cog lus? sp 2 hybridization
Ib yam li ntawd, tib neeg nug, sp2 tuaj yeem tsim pi daim ntawv cog lus?
Ethene, sp2 ua hybridization nrog a pi sib Txhua carbon daim ntawv 3 sigm daim ntawv cog lus thiab tsis muaj ib khub. Tseem muaj 2p orbital ntawm txhua cov pa roj carbon. Cov no ua tau ua ke ua ib pi sib thiab a piv antibonding molecular orbital.
Cov orbitals twg tuaj yeem tsim pi bonds?
Ib leeg covalent daim ntawv cog lus uas daim ntawv nruab nrab nuclei yog tsim los ntawm "lub taub hau-rau-lub taub hau" sib tshooj ntawm orbitals thiab hu ua sigma(s) daim ntawv cog lus . Qhov sib tshooj no yuav suav nrog s-s, s-p, s-d lossis txawm p-d orbitals . Lwm hom daim ntawv cog lus , a piv (p) daim ntawv cog lus yog tsim thaum ob p orbitals sib tshooj.
Pom zoo:
Yuav ua li cas yog daim ntawv cog lus sib txawv ntawm daim ntawv cog lus ionic?
Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ionic thiab covalent daim ntawv cog lus yog tias covalent daim ntawv cog lus yog tsim thaum ob lub atoms sib koom electrons. Ionic bonds yog lub zog uas tuav ua ke electrostatic zog ntawm kev nyiam ntawm cov ions oppositely them. Ionic bonds muaj qhov sib txawv electronegativity ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 2
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm daim ntawv cog lus lub zog thiab daim ntawv cog lus dissociation zog?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm lub zog thiab lub zog bonddissociation yog tias lub zog sib txuas yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub zog xav tau los rhuav tshem tag nrho cov kev sib txuas ntawm tib ob hom atoms nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw sib txuas whereas daim ntawv cog lus dissociation zog yog tus nqi ntawm cov hluav taws xob xav tau los rhuav tshem ib qho kev sib koom ua ke inhomolysis
Puas yog daim ntawv cog lus hydrogen zoo ib yam li daim ntawv cog lus?
Hydrogen daim ntawv cog lus yog lub npe muab rau electrostatic kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm tus nqi zoo ntawm hydrogen atom thiab tus nqi tsis zoo ntawm oxygen atom ntawm ib qho chaw nyob sib ze. Covalent daim ntawv cog lus yog qhov sib cuam tshuam electrostatic ntawm ob lub atom hauv tib lub molecule
Muaj pes tsawg daim ntawv cog lus tuaj yeem tsim carbon atom thiab vim li cas?
plaub Tsis tas li ntawd, vim li cas nws tseem ceeb uas cov pa roj carbon tsim 4 daim ntawv cog lus? Cov pa roj carbon yog tib lub ntsiab uas ua tau daim ntawv thiaj li sib txawv tebchaw vim txhua carbon atom tau daim ntawv plaub tshuaj daim ntawv cog lus rau lwm cov atoms, thiab vim cov carbon atom tsuas yog txoj cai, me me kom haum rau qhov yooj yim raws li qhov chaw ntawm cov molecules loj heev.
NaBH4 puas tuaj yeem txo ob daim ntawv cog lus?
LiAlH4 txo ob daim ntawv cog lus tsuas yog thaum ob daim ntawv cog lus yog Beta-arly, NaBH4 tsis txo ob daim ntawv cog lus. Yog tias koj xav tau koj tuaj yeem siv H2 / Ni kom txo tau ob daim ntawv cog lus