Lub npe Germanium Atomic Mass 72.61 atomic mass unit Number of Protons 32 Number of Neutrons 41 Number of Electrons 32
Cov ntsiab lus Cell biology. Lub koom haum. Kab mob thiab teb. Bioenergetics. Homeostasis thiab teb. Keeb kwm, variation thiab evolution. Ecology. Cov tswv yim tseem ceeb
Muaj ob hom nucleic acids uas yog, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) thiab ribonucleic acid (RNA). Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm nucleic acid yog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv genetic thiab synthesis ntawm cov protein los ntawm cov txheej txheem hu ua kev txhais lus thiab kev hloov pauv
Kev thauj mus los tsis zoo yog qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim thiab tsis xav kom lub cell siv lub zog kom ua tiav qhov kev txav mus los. Hauv kev thauj mus los tsis zoo, cov tshuaj txav los ntawm thaj chaw siab dua mus rau thaj tsam ntawm qhov qis qis hauv cov txheej txheem hu ua diffusion
A: Hauv kev kawm tshuab, ib txoj hauv kev 'random taug kev' tuaj yeem siv ntau txoj hauv kev los pab cov thev naus laus zis los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev cob qhia loj uas muab lub hauv paus rau lub tshuab kom nkag siab txog qhov kawg. Ib qho kev taug kev random, lej, yog ib yam uas tuaj yeem piav qhia hauv ntau txoj kev sib txawv
8 valence electrons
Kev piav qhia Statistics Ob qho kev piav qhia thiab cov kev txheeb cais tsis txaus ntseeg pab ua kom nkag siab tawm ntawm kab tom qab kab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv! Siv cov ntawv txheeb cais los piav qhia thiab teeb tsa cov ntaub ntawv rau ib pawg uas koj xaiv. Cov txheej txheem no tso cai rau koj kom nkag siab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev soj ntsuam
Si clauses qhia txog qhov ua tau, uas tej zaum yuav lossis tsis dhau los ua qhov tseeb. Lawv hais txog tam sim no, yav dhau los, thiab yav tom ntej. Cov kab lus no muaj ob ntu: qhov xwm txheej, lossis cov nqe lus, thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb lossis qhov tshwm sim uas qhia tias yuav tshwm sim li cas yog tias qhov xwm txheej ntawm si clause tau ntsib
Sab nrauv yog tsim los ntawm corona, chromosphere, photosphere, thiab peb sab hauv, cov tub ntxhais sab hauv, radiative core, thiab convection core
Chemical compound, ib yam khoom uas muaj cov molecules zoo tib yam uas muaj cov atoms ntawm ob los yog ntau tshaj cov ntsiab lus tshuaj. Methane, nyob rau hauv uas plaub hydrogen atoms yog khi rau ib tug carbon atom, yog ib tug piv txwv ntawm ib tug yooj yim tshuaj compound. Ib tug dej molecule yog tsim los ntawm ob hydrogen atoms thiab ib tug oxygen atom
Cov neeg haus luam yeeb yog ib txwm nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Southern Europe thiab Central China. Thaum sab laug unpruned, nws loj hlob raws li ib tug vase-puab, multistemmed ntoo los yog loj shrub, feem ntau ncav ib qhov siab ntawm 10 mus rau 15 ko taw. Raws li ib tug haus luam yeeb ripe, nws cov ceg yuav nthuav tawm, muab tsob ntoo qhib, dav duab
1668 Yog li ntawd, leej twg tau npaj txoj kev xav ntawm lub neej tiam neeg? Aristotle Ib sab saum toj no, txoj kev xav dab tsi tau hloov txoj kev xav ntawm lub neej tiam? Abiogenesis , txoj kev xav hais tias lub neej hloov zuj zus los ntawm nonliving chemical systems, hloov spontaneous tiam raws li tus thawj txoj kev xav rau lub keeb kwm ntawm lub neej .
Sitka spruce yog thawj zaug qhia rau Tebchaws Europe hauv xyoo 1831 thiab tau cog thawj zaug hauv tebchaws Ireland (Co. Wicklow) tsis ntev tom qab ntawd. Silviculture & Kev Tswj Xyuas hauv Ireland Sitka spruce yog hom tseem ceeb siv hauv Irish hav zoov
Ib mole ntawm dej muaj 6.022 x 1023 dej molecules
Qhov ntim ntawm ib daim duab peb sab prism tuaj yeem pom los ntawm kev sib npaug ntawm lub hauv paus lub sij hawm qhov siab. Ob daim duab ntawm daim duab peb sab prisms hauv qab no qhia txog tib lub mis. Cov mis, feem ntau, yog thaj tsam ntawm lub hauv paus (daim duab peb sab liab hauv daim duab sab laug) lub sij hawm qhov siab, h
Kev sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb hom: kev sib xyaw ua ke, sib xyaw colloidal lossis kev daws teeb meem, raws li lawv ua ke thiab tuaj yeem sib cais. Suspension mixtures muaj cov ntsiab lus loj dua, cov khoom sib xyaw colloidal muaj ntau qhov me me, thiab cov khoom nyob rau hauv ib qho kev daws kom yaj tag rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj
Qhov tseeb txog Meteorites Ntau lab tus meteoroids taug kev hauv ntiaj teb huab cua txhua hnub. Thaum ib lub meteor ntsib peb cov huab cua thiab vaporized, nws tawm tom qab txoj kev. Cov tsos ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm meteors tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tib seem ntawm lub ntuj nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm yog hu ua "meteor da dej"
Polygon. Lub dav hlau kaw nrog tsawg kawg peb sab uas yog ntu. Ob sab sib tshuam tsuas yog ntawm lawv qhov kawg nkaus thiab tsis muaj ob sab uas nyob ib sab yog collinear. Thevertices ntawm lub polygon yog qhov kawg ntawm ob sab
Ob qhov kub thiab ntxhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm magma cuam tshuam nws yooj yim npaum li cas. Lub viscosity (thickness) ntawm magma uas tawg los ntawm lub roob hluav taws cuam tshuam rau cov duab ntawm lub roob hluav taws. Lub roob hluav taws uas muaj qhov chaw siab tshaj yuav tsim los ntawm cov nplaum nplaum magma, thaum lub volcanoes flatter tsim los ntawm magma uas ntws yooj yim
Lub ntiaj teb muaj dej ntau, tab sis hmoov tsis, tsuas yog ib feem me me (kwv yees li 0.3 feem pua), txawm tias tib neeg siv tau. Lwm 99.7 feem pua yog nyob rau hauv dej hiav txwv, av, icecaps, thiab floating nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm 0.3 feem pua uas siv tau tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav
Teb: Cov lobate scarps ntawm Mercury yog hom faults uas tsim los ntawm compression. Lawv lub xub ntiag nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no qhia tias tag nrho cov crust ntawm Mercury tau compressed ntev dhau los. Raws li Mercury poob rau hauv cov cua sov, nws cov hlau loj loj tau cog lus thiab nws cov crust raug compressed, tsim cov lobate scraps
Tshooj 13: Genetic Engineering AB Plasmid lub voj voog DNA molecule pom nyob rau hauv cov kab mob Genetic Marker cov noob uas ua rau nws paub qhov txawv cov kab mob uas muaj plasmid nrog txawv teb chaws DNA los ntawm cov uas tsis Transgenic ib lo lus siv los hais txog cov kab mob uas muaj cov noob. los ntawm lwm yam kab mob
17.1B: Basic Techniques to Manipulate Genetic Materials (DNA and RNA) Cov txheej txheem yooj yim siv hauv kev tswj cov khoom siv noob caj noob ces suav nrog kev rho tawm, gel electrophoresis, PCR, thiab blotting txoj kev
Linear Regression Piv txwv hauv R siv lm() Function. Cov ntsiab lus: R linear regression siv lub lm() muaj nuj nqi los tsim ib tug qauv regression muab ib co qauv, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm Y ~ X + X2. Txhawm rau saib tus qauv, koj siv lub ntsiab lus () ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov seem, koj rub tawm $ resid hloov pauv los ntawm koj tus qauv tshiab
Secondary Structure of Protein Ob fibrous structures the alpha helix, and the beta pleated sheet, which are structural components of the cell. Lub alpha helix yog tsim thaum lub polypeptide chains twist mus rau hauv ib tug kauv. Cov ntawv beta pleated yog polypeptide chains khiav ntawm ib sab
Yog lawm. Ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm congruence yog tias koj tuaj yeem nqa ib qho duab thiab muab tso rau sab saum toj ntawm lwm cov duab, thiab muaj qhov sib tw. Yog li ntawd lawv muaj tib cheeb tsam
Elitewood Ultra yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws patio npog cov khoom lag luam hauv khw. Nws nta qhov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws thiab tiag tiag sib sib zog nqus driftwood kev ntxhib los mos, 25% thicker gauge aluminium beams, thiab ib tug impenetrable Kynar 500 xim txheej. Elitewood Ultra yog tsuas yog patio npog cov khoom lag luam uas muaj cov txheej txheem tsis muaj xim
Atoms ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txawv tuaj yeem txuas nrog ib leeg. Cov txheej txheem no hu ua tshuaj tiv thaiv. Kev kub hnyiab ntawm cov roj hauv lub cav tsheb yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv
Ob lub teeb sib txuas ua ke Lub teeb nyob rau hauv feem ntau lub tsev txuas nrog inparallel. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lawv txhua tus tau txais qhov voltage tag nrho thiab yog tias ib lub teeb tawg rau lwm tus. Rau ib qho parallelcircuit tam sim no los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dua li qhov tam sim no hauv txhua ceg
Thermocouple yog ib qho sensor siv los ntsuas qhov kub thiab txias. Thermocouples muaj ob txoj hlua hlau ua los ntawm cov hlau sib txawv. Cov hlau ob txhais ceg yog welded ua ke ntawm ib kawg, tsim ib qho kev sib tshuam. Qhov kev sib tshuam no yog qhov ntsuas kub. Thaum qhov kev sib tshuam ntsib qhov hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, qhov hluav taws xob tau tsim
Hlau complexes muab tau los ntawm porphyrins tshwm sim lawm. Ib qho ntawm cov tsev neeg paub zoo tshaj plaws ntawm porphyrin complexes yog heme, cov xim hauv cov qe ntshav liab, cofactor ntawm cov protein hemoglobin. Biosynthesis. Enzyme ALA synthase Qhov Chaw Mitochondrion Substrate Glycine, succinyl CoA Khoom δ-Aminolevulinic acid
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog lub hli nyob deb ntawm lub ntiaj teb thaum lub Ib Hlis raws li piv rau Total Eclipse. Qhov no ua rau pom lub hli me me nyob rau saum ntuj, thiab nws tsis tas npog lub hnub. Hloov chaw, ib qho 'ntiv nplhaib ntawm hluav taws' tseem nyob - Lub Hnub tseem emits lub teeb ncaj qha
Wulfenite yog ib qho me me ntawm cov hlau lead thiab pom nyob rau hauv hydrothermal hloov deposits. Nws yog feem ntau tsuas yog ib qho khoom sau tau hais tias nws tuaj nyob rau hauv zoo nkauj daj, txiv kab ntxwv, liab, dawb, thiab brownish crystals. Ci ntsa iab wulfenite muaju muaj nyob hauv New Mexico thiab Utah thaum muaj cov pob zeb liab pom hauv Arizona
Cov ntiaj chaw hauv av yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov roj hnyav hnyav thiab cov khoom siv roj, xws li carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, ozone, thiab argon. Hauv qhov sib piv, cov pa roj cua loj heev yog tsim los ntawm hydrogen thiab helium. Cov huab cua tsawg kawg ntawm cov ntiaj chaw sab hauv tau hloov zuj zus txij li thaum lawv tsim
Illumination: Tsaus teb illumination. Illumination tsuas yog siv los qhia txog qhov tsis xws luag, khawb lossis kos duab. Cov txheej txheem no tsuas yog siv los qhia txog qhov tsis xws luag, khawb lossis kos duab. Tsaus thaj chaw illumination feem ntau yog siv lub kaum sab xis qis lub nplhaib teeb uas tau teeb tsa ze rau ntawm qhov khoom
Lub cev muaj zog: sulfur hexafluoride yog acolorless, tasteless thiab odorless gas. Chemical zog: Inspite, sulfur hexafluoride muaj 6 fluorine atoms, uas yog lub feem ntau electronegative atom nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, nws lub sij hawm dipole yog 0
Cov theem ntawm cov teeb meem A B molecules txav qeeb tshaj plaws hauv lub xeev cov khoom molecules txav ib ncig ntawm lub xeev cov kua dej molecules tuaj yeem khiav lawv lub thawv hauv lub xeev cov roj ntsha los yog cov ntshav plasma lub xeev cov teeb meem no feem ntau tshwm sim hauv lub ntiaj teb cov ntshav
15 phau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws los kawm Probability & Statistics Probability Theory: The Logic of Science los ntawm E.T. Jaynes. Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Qhov Muaj Peev Xwm: Ib Chav Kawm Intuitive rau Engineers thiab Scientists (thiab Txhua Tus Neeg!) los ntawm Carol Ash. Nkag siab qhov yuav tshwm sim: Cov Cai Muaj Cai Hauv Lub Neej Txhua Hnub los ntawm Henk Tijms
Cov kab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau siv hauv tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob los teeb pom cov qauv thiab yog li tsim cov duab. Txij li thaum lub wavelength ntawm f electrons yog 100,000 lub sij hawm luv dua li pom lub teeb lub electron microscopes muaj zog daws teeb meem ntau dua. Lawv tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm 0.2nm thiab magnifications txog 2,000,000 x
Liverworts. Liverworts yog ib pawg ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas tsis muaj vascular zoo ib yam li mosses. Lawv txawv deb ntawm cov nroj tsuag feem ntau peb feem ntau xav txog vim lawv tsis tsim cov noob, paj, txiv hmab txiv ntoo lossis ntoo, thiab txawm tias tsis muaj cov ntaub so ntswg. Hloov chaw ntawm cov noob, liverworts tsim spores rau kev yug me nyuam