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Video: Lub hauv paus ntawm amines yog dab tsi?
2024 Tus sau: Miles Stephen | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-15 23:36
Basicity ntawm amines
Amines yog qhov yooj yim vim lawv muaj ib khub ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsis sib koom, uas lawv tuaj yeem koom nrog lwm cov atoms. Cov hluav taws xob tsis sib koom no tsim kom muaj hluav taws xob nyob ib puag ncig ntawm nitrogen atom. Qhov ntau dua qhov electron ceev, qhov yooj yim ntawm cov molecule
Dhau li ntawm no, dab tsi yog qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm amines?
Aliphatic amines (pKb = 3 txog 4.22) yog cov hauv paus muaj zog tshaj ammonia (pKb = 4.75) vim +I nyhuv ntawm pawg alkyl uas ua rau kom e- ntom ntawm nitrogen atom. Hauv theem gaseous: R3N > R2NH > RNH2 > NH3 (tswj los ntawm +I nyhuv ntawm Alkyl pawg). Arylalkyl amines muaj amine - pab pawg indirectly txuas mus rau aromatic rings.
Tsis tas li ntawd, vim li cas tertiary amines yog qhov yooj yim dua? Amines thiab ammonia Qhov no yog vim lub electron pub cov nyhuv ntawm alkyl pawg uas ua rau kom cov electron ceev ntawm nitrogen. Tertiary amines muaj ntau electron pub R pab pawg thiab ua kom cov electron ceev ntawm nitrogen kom ntau dua. Li no lub ntau R pab pawg amine muaj, cov yooj yim dua nws yog.
Hauv qhov no, dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws amine?
Vim tias pawg alkyl pub cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau cov electronegative nitrogen ntau dua. Cov nyhuv inductive ua rau electron ceev ntawm alkylamine nitrogen ntau dua li cov nitrogen ntawm ammonium . Raws li txoj cai, thawj, theem nrab, thiab tertiary alkyl amines yog qhov yooj yim dua ammonia.
Puas yog amines acidic lossis yooj yim?
Raws li Lewis acid, puag tswvyim, amines tuaj yeem pub ib khub electron, yog li lawv yog Lewis hauv paus. Tsis tas li ntawd, Brønsted-Lowry hauv paus tuaj yeem lees txais ib qho proton los tsim cov ammonium ions hloov. Yog li ntawd, amines yog lub hauv paus raws li Lewis thiab Brønsted-Lowry theories.
Pom zoo:
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm CDK yog dab tsi hauv lub cev ua haujlwm ntawm tes tshwj xeeb hauv lub voj voog ntawm tes?
Los ntawm phosphorylation, Cdks teeb liab lub xov tooj ntawm tes uas nws tau npaj kom dhau mus rau theem tom ntej ntawm lub voj voog ntawm tes. Raws li lawv lub npe qhia, Cyclin-Dependent Protein Kinases yog nyob ntawm cyclins, lwm chav kawm ntawm kev tswj hwm cov protein. Cyclins khi rau Cdks, ua kom cov Cdks rau phosphorylate lwm cov molecules
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Koj puas tuaj yeem muab lub voos xwmfab hauv paus los ntawm lub hauv paus square?
Cov Khoom Muag tau nce mus rau Txoj Cai Fais Fab yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias koj tuaj yeem siv nws los faib cov lus qhia radical. Nco ntsoov tias cov hauv paus hniav zoo ib yam - koj tuaj yeem muab cov hauv paus plaub hau nrog cov hauv paus plaub hau, lossis cov hauv paus hniav nrog lub voos xwmfab, piv txwv li. Tab sis koj tsis tuaj yeem muab lub hauv paus square thiab lub voos xwmfab hauv paus siv txoj cai no
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Dab tsi yog qhov flux los ntawm lub voos xwmfab ntawm sab yog tias tus nqi ntawm Q yog ntawm ib qho ntawm nws lub ces kaum?
Raws li peb paub tias, tag nrho cov flux los ntawm tus nqi q yog q / ε 0 (Gauss txoj cai). Yog hais tias tus nqi yog nyob rau ntawm lub ces kaum ntawm lub voos xwmfab, ib co ntawm cov flux nkag mus rau hauv lub voos xwmfab thiab tawm los ntawm ib co ntawm nws lub ntsej muag. Tab sis qee qhov flux tsis nkag mus rau hauv lub voos xwmfab. Qhov 1/8th no yuav muab faib ua 3 ntu dua