Video: Leej twg yog cov pioneers ntawm atomic txoj kev xav?
2024 Tus sau: Miles Stephen | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-15 23:36
Thaum ub atomic txoj kev xav tau tawm tswv yim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 5 bc los ntawm Greek philosophers Leucippus thiab Democritus thiab tau revived nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 1 BC los ntawm Roman philosopher thiab kws sau paj lug Lucretius.
Hauv qhov no, leej twg yog cov kws tshawb fawb tseem ceeb koom nrog hauv atomic txoj kev xav?
Txheeb xyuas John Dalton , J. J. Thomson, Ernest Rutherford thiab Robert Millikan , thiab piav qhia qhov lawv txhua tus pom txog atoms. Nkag siab txog txoj hauv kev uas txhua tus kws tshawb fawb tau siv los ua lawv qhov kev tshawb pom.
Leej twg yog thawj tus neeg nrhiav pom atomic txoj kev xav? Democritus
Kuj paub, leej twg yog leej txiv ntawm atomic txoj kev xav?
ːlt?n/; 6 Cuaj hlis 1766 – 27 Lub Xya hli ntuj 1844) yog ib tug Askiv chemist, physicist, thiab meteorologist. Nws yog tus paub zoo tshaj plaws rau kev qhia cov atomic txoj kev xav rau hauv chemistry, thiab rau nws txoj kev tshawb fawb rau hauv cov xim dig muag, qee zaum hu ua Daltonism hauv nws txoj kev hwm.
Leej twg yog cov kws tshawb fawb uas yog cov tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho atomic txoj kev xav?
John Dalton , J. J. Thompson, Ernest Rutherford , Niels Bohr, James Chadwick thiab Ernest Schrodinger txhua tus tau pab txhawb rau txoj kev xav niaj hnub atomic los ntawm kev nrhiav cov pov thawj tseeb. ntawm cov kev ntsuam xyuas uas nws tau khiav yog ntsuas qhov proportions ntawm hydrogen rau oxygen nyob rau hauv ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj.
Pom zoo:
Dab tsi yog qhov kev xav ntawm kinetic txoj kev xav ntawm cov pa roj?
Cov qauv kinetic yooj yim tshaj plaws yog ua raws li cov kev xav tau tias: (1) cov pa roj yog tsim los ntawm ntau cov molecules zoo tib yam txav mus rau hauv cov lus qhia random, sib cais los ntawm qhov deb uas loj piv nrog lawv qhov loj; (2) cov molecules undergo zoo kawg nkaus elastic kev sib tsoo (tsis muaj zog poob) nrog rau ib leeg thiab nrog rau
Txoj kev faib cov ntaub ntawv twg muab cov ntaub ntawv sib npaug ntawm cov ntaub ntawv lossis cov kev tshuaj xyuas hauv txhua chav kawm cov ntaub ntawv?
Quantile. txhua chav kawm muaj cov yam ntxwv sib npaug. Ib qho kev faib tawm ntau yog zoo haum rau cov ntaub ntawv faib tawm. Quantile muab tib tus lej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj nuj nqis rau txhua chav kawm
Leej twg ntawm cov hauv qab no yog suav tias yog leej txiv ntawm kev ua haujlwm tshuaj?
Bernardino Ramazzini
Leej twg yog thawj tus txhawb nqa ntawm atomic txoj kev xav?
Lub bust ntawm Democritus (los yog Democrites), uas tau los nrog lub tswv yim ntawm indivisible atoms. Cov neeg paub ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm txhua yam zoo li niaj hnub atomic txoj kev xav yog tus neeg Greek thaum ub Democritus. Nws tau thov kom muaj lub neej ntawm indivisible atoms raws li cov lus teb rau qhov kev sib cav ntawm Parmenides thiab cov paradoxes ntawm Zeno
Leej twg tau pab txhawb hauv atomic txoj kev xav?
James Chadwick Pom cov neutrons hauv atoms. Koom nrog Rutherford hauv kev ua tiav qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm lwm lub teeb ci los ntawm kev foob pob nrog alpha hais thiab hauv kev tshawb fawb txog cov khoom thiab cov qauv ntawm atomic nuclei. Nws muaj ob tug ntxhais thiab nws nyiam ua vaj thiab nuv ntses