Video: Yuav ua li cas stabilize ib tug radical?
2024 Tus sau: Miles Stephen | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-15 23:36
- Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm Dawb Radicals Nce hauv Qhov Kev Txiav Txim Methyl < Primary < Secondary < Tertiary.
- Dawb Radicals Yog Stabilized los ntawm Delocalization ("Resonance")
- Lub Geometry ntawm Dawb Radicals Yog Qhov "Pyramid Pyramid", uas tso cai rau sib tshooj ntawm Ib Nrab-Filled p-Orbital Nrog Pi Bonds uas nyob ib sab.
Tsis tas li lo lus nug yog, dab tsi ua rau radical ruaj khov?
Yog hais tias lub internal zog ntawm lub radical yog low, radical yog ruaj khov . Lawv muaj zog dua atoms nrog 8 valence electrons. Carbocations kuj yog hom tsis muaj hluav taws xob. Lawv tseem muaj zog dua, vim lawv tsuas muaj 6 valence electrons xwb.
Ib yam li ntawd, vim li cas triphenylmethyl radical ruaj khov? Cov triphenylmethyl tshuaj (“ trityl ”) radical yog ntau ruaj khov , vim resonance stabilization. Qhov no yog keeb kwm tseem ceeb; tus trityl radical yog thawj cov organic dawb radical yuav tsum tau cais thiab tus yam ntxwv. Cov triphenylmethyl tshuaj (“ trityl ”) radical yog ntau ruaj khov , vim resonance stabilization.
Tsis tas li, vim li cas tertiary dawb radical feem ntau ruaj khov?
Yog vim li cas dawb radicals generated hauv ib kawm ntawv qib siab carbon ruaj khov dua ? Dawb radicals ntawm kawm ntawv qib siab carbons yog ruaj khov dua dua Secondary thiab Primary vim cov radical yog stabilized los ntawm hluav taws xob los ntawm lwm pab pawg neeg txuas thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws yuav yeej yog hyperconjugation.
Dab tsi yog qhov ruaj khov tshaj dawb radical?
Quiz Sijhawm: ib qho ntawm feem ntau ruaj khov dawb radicals paub tias yog triphenylmethyl radical , nrhiav tau los ntawm Moses Gomberg nyob rau hauv 1900. Thaum tsis muaj oxygen, qhov no radical yog indefinitely ruaj khov ntawm chav tsev kub.
Pom zoo:
Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug piv txwv ntawm ib tug electron cab kuj?
Raws li cov electrons raug xa mus los ntawm ib lub tshuab nqa hluav taws xob mus rau lwm qhov, lawv lub zog theem qis, thiab lub zog tawm. Cytochromes thiab quinones (xws li coenzyme Q) yog qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob
Yuav ua li cas koj qhia yog hais tias ib tug transformation yog ib tug dilation?
Ib qho kev piav qhia ntawm qhov dilation suav nrog qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas (lossis qhov piv) thiab qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov dilation. Qhov chaw ntawm dilation yog ib qho chaw ruaj khov hauv lub dav hlau. Yog tias qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntau dua 1, daim duab yog qhov loj (qhov ncab). Yog tias qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas nyob nruab nrab ntawm 0 thiab 1, daim duab yog qhov txo qis (qhov qis)
Yuav ua li cas yog qhov tshwm sim uas ib tug poj niam dig muag xim uas yuav ib tug txiv neej uas tsis pom kev zoo yuav muaj xim dig muag me nyuam?
Yog tias tus poj niam uas muaj lub zeem muag zoo li no (heterozygous rau qhov muag tsis pom xim) yuav ib tug txiv neej ib txwm muaj (XY), cov xeeb ceem hauv qab no tuaj yeem xav tau hauv F2 tiam: ntawm cov ntxhais, 50% yog ib txwm muaj thiab 50% yog cov neeg nqa khoom rau cov kab mob; ntawm cov tub, 50% yog xim dig muag thiab 50% yog qhov pom kev zoo
Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug piv txwv ntawm ib tug rational naj npawb uas tsis yog ib tug tag nrho?
Tus lej "rational" yog qhov piv ntawm ob tus lej. Piv txwv li, cov hauv qab no yog cov lej rational, thiab tsis muaj leej twg yog tus lej: 1 / 2. 2 / 3
Yuav ua li cas ib tug geologist yuav qhia tau hais tias ib tug quav yog ib tug syncline thiab anti-line?
Geologic Structures (Part 5) Anticlines yog folds nyob rau hauv uas txhua ib nrab ntawm cov quav dips deb ntawm lub crest. Synclines yog folds nyob rau hauv uas txhua ib nrab ntawm cov quav dips mus rau lub trough ntawm lub quav. Koj tuaj yeem nco qab qhov sib txawv los ntawm kev ceeb toom tias anticlines tsim "A" zoo, thiab synclines tsim hauv qab ntawm "S."