Video: Yuav ua li cas koj nrhiav tau tus naj npawb ntawm electrons nyob rau hauv ib tug uncharged atom?
2024 Tus sau: Miles Stephen | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-15 23:36
Cov tus lej atomic sawv cev rau tus lej ntawm protons nyob rau hauv ib atom cov nucleus. Hauv ib uncharged atom , cov tus lej ntawm protons yeej ib txwm sib npaug rau cov tus naj npawb ntawm electrons . Piv txwv li, carbon atoms suav nrog rau protons thiab rau electrons , yog carbon tus lej atomic yog 6.
Ib yam li ntawd, tej zaum koj yuav nug, koj yuav nrhiav tau pes tsawg tus electrons?
Cov tus naj npawb ntawm electrons nyob rau hauv ib tug nruab nrab atom yog sib npaug rau cov tus lej ntawm protons. Qhov loj tus lej ntawm lub atom (M) yog sib npaug rau cov sum tus lej ntawm protons thiab neutrons nyob rau hauv lub nucleus. Cov tus lej ntawm neutrons yog sib npaug rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov loj tus lej ntawm lub atom (M) thiab lub atomic tus lej (Z).
Ib tug kuj yuav nug, pes tsawg electrons nyob rau hauv ib tug atom ntawm 235u? Piv txwv li, 235U (4+), yuav muaj 92 - 4 = 88 electrons. Nrhiav tus naj npawb ntawm neutrons hauv isotope los ntawm kev rho tawm cov xov tooj ntawm cov protons los ntawm cov lej uas tau muab rau hauv lub cim. Piv txwv li, 235U, uas muaj 92 protons, yog li ntawd muaj 235 - 92 = 143 neutron.
Tsis tas li lo lus nug yog, kuv tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tus lej ntawm protons neutrons thiab electrons hauv ib qho atom uas tsis muaj nqi lossis nruab nrab?
Tus lej ntawm neutrons sib npaug qhov loj tus lej ntawm atom rho tawm tus lej atomic . Cov tus lej atomic thiab nruab nrab atomic qhov hnyav (qhov hnyav nruab nrab ntawm qhov loj tus lej ntawm tag nrho cov isotopes) tuaj yeem pom nyob rau ntawm Lub Sijhawm Sijhawm. Tus lej ntawm electrons hauv nruab nrab atoms thiab isotopes sib npaug tus naj npawb ntawm protons.
Yog vim li cas ib tug atom uncharged?
Ib txwm atoms yog hluav taws xob tsis tau them nqi los yog nruab nrab. electrons, lawv coj tus nqi tsis zoo vim txhua tus atom tam sim no muaj ntau electrons tshaj protons. Ob qhov hluav taws xob zoo li qub thiab tam sim no tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm kev txav ntawm electrons los ntawm qhov tsis zoo atoms kom zoo them nqi atoms kom txog thaum muaj qhov sib npaug.
Pom zoo:
Muaj pes tsawg neutrons nyob rau hauv chromium atom nrog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm 54?
Chromium 54: Tus lej atomic Z = 24, muaj 24 protons thiab 24 electrons. Tus lej A = 54. Tus lej ntawm neutrons = A – Z = 54 – 24 = 30
Yuav ua li cas koj nrhiav tau tus naj npawb ntawm molecules nyob rau hauv ib tug tshuaj formula?
Multiply Moles los ntawm Avogadro Constant Muab cov naj npawb ntawm moles los ntawm Avogadro tas li, 6.022 x 10^23, los xam cov lej ntawm cov molecules hauv koj cov qauv
Yuav ua li cas koj nrhiav tau tus naj npawb ntawm covalent bonds nyob rau hauv ib tug compound?
Tus naj npawb ntawm daim ntawv cog lus rau ib qho atom nruab nrab yog sib npaug rau cov xov tooj ntawm cov hluav taws xob hauv lub plhaub valence tag nrho (2 los yog 8 electrons) rho tawm cov valence electrons. Txoj kev no ua haujlwm vim tias txhua daim ntawv cog lus sib cog lus uas ib qho atom tsim ntxiv lwm lub tshuab hluav taws xob rau lub atoms valence plhaub yam tsis hloov nws cov nqi
Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug piv txwv ntawm ib tug rational naj npawb uas tsis yog ib tug tag nrho?
Tus lej "rational" yog qhov piv ntawm ob tus lej. Piv txwv li, cov hauv qab no yog cov lej rational, thiab tsis muaj leej twg yog tus lej: 1 / 2. 2 / 3
Yuav ua li cas koj thiaj nrhiav tau tus naj npawb ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv ib qho piv txwv?
Tom qab ntawd, muab cov naj npawb ntawm qhov tshwm sim los ntawm tus lej ntawm cov yob. Txij li thaum peb tsuas yog dov ib zaug xwb, ces tus naj npawb ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tau yog 6. Cov lus teb yog qhov chaw piv txwv yog 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 thiab tus lej ntawm qhov tshwm sim tau yog 6