Video: Kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv kev sau ntawv?
2024 Tus sau: Miles Stephen | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-15 23:36
Kev hloov pauv qhov loj me; lawv ua tau cuam tshuam qhov twg los ntawm ib qho DNA tsev thaiv (hauv paus khub) mus rau ib ntu loj ntawm chromosome uas suav nrog ntau cov noob. Daim duab: Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov protein synthesis ua ntej tsim ib daim qauv ntawm mRNA ntawm DNA ib ntus thaum lub sij hawm txheej txheem ntawm kev sau ntawv.
Kuj paub, qhov kev hloov pauv cuam tshuam li cas rau kev sau ntawv?
Ib daim ntawv ntawm kev hloov pauv yog point kev hloov pauv , nyob rau hauv uas ib lub hauv paus hloov. Qhov no yuav yog li hloov ib lub hauv paus hauv qhov tshwm sim mRNA strand. Nyob ntawm seb qhov kev hloov pauv li cas ua tau muaj qhov sib txawv nyhuv ntawm lub resulting amino acid. Tsis muaj tseeb kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua rau truncated polypeptides, rhuav tshem cov protein ua haujlwm.
nyob rau theem twg mutations tshwm sim? Cov kev hloov pauv no tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm ib puag ncig xws li hluav taws xob ultraviolet los ntawm lub hnub, lossis tuaj yeem tshwm sim yog tias ua yuam kev raws li DNA luam nws tus kheej thaum lub sij hawm cell faib . Tau txais kev hloov pauv hauv cov hlwb somatic (hlwb uas tsis yog phev thiab qe qe) tsis tuaj yeem kis mus rau lwm tiam.
Ntxiv rau qhov no, kev hloov pauv tsis tseem ceeb cuam tshuam li cas rau kev sau ntawv?
A kev hloov pauv hauv DNA hloov mRNA, uas nyob rau hauv lem ua tau hloov cov amino acid saw. Nws ua tau vim a tsis muaj kev hloov pauv , uas ua rau ib tug luv luv saw vim yog thaum ntxov nres codon. Thiab lub hauv paus hloov ua tau kuj ua rau muaj kev ntsiag to kev hloov pauv , uas cov protein ua haujlwm tsis hloov hlo li.
Puas muaj kev hloov pauv hauv RNA?
Kev hloov pauv yog cov kev hloov ntawd tshwm sim hauv DNA los yog RNA . Kev hloov pauv tau nyob twj ywm, txhais tau tias lawv tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov protein ua, vim redundancy nyob rau hauv genetic code. Txawm li cas los xij, lwm yam kev hloov pauv tau ua suab nrov, uas hloov cov protein ib ntus thiab tejzaum nws tseem tiv thaiv cov protein los ntawm kev ua txhua yam.
Pom zoo:
Vim li cas tom qab kev hloov pauv kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb?
Kev hloov pauv tom qab kev txhais lus (PTMs) xws li glycosylation thiab phosphorylation ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm hemostatic proteins thiab tseem ceeb heev hauv kev teeb tsa kab mob. Xws li theem nrab hloov pauv rau cov proteins hemostatic muaj ntau yam cuam tshuam rau lawv lub peev xwm los cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov proteins
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm ib puag ncig kev hloov pauv thiab kev hloov pauv qub txeeg qub teg?
Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tib neeg ntawm tib hom yog hu ua variation. Qhov no yog inherited variation. Qee qhov kev hloov pauv yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm ib puag ncig, lossis ib tus neeg ua dab tsi. Qhov no yog hu ua environmental variation
Dab tsi tsim cov roj siab thiab nws hloov pauv li cas nrog kev hloov pauv hauv kinetic zog?
Gas siab yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm cov khoom siv roj nrog rau sab hauv ntawm lub thawv thaum lawv sib tsoo nrog thiab tawm dag zog rau ntawm phab ntsa ntim. Tom qab ntawd cov roj yog cua sov. Raws li qhov kub ntawm cov roj nce, cov khoom tau nce lub zog kinetic thiab lawv cov nrawm nrawm
Thaum ib qho kev sib cais ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hloov pauv ntawm lub ntiaj teb nce ntxiv?
Txij li thaum lub kaw lus raug cais tawm, tsis muaj cua sov tuaj yeem khiav tawm (tus txheej txheem yog li adiabatic), yog li thaum lub zog ntws tawm hauv lub cev, qhov entropy ntawm qhov system nce, piv txwv li Δ Ssys> 0. Yog li ntawd, lub entropy ntawm lub system yuav tsum tau nce rau ib tug spontaneous txheej txheem nyob rau hauv no cais system
Txoj kev faib cov ntaub ntawv twg muab cov ntaub ntawv sib npaug ntawm cov ntaub ntawv lossis cov kev tshuaj xyuas hauv txhua chav kawm cov ntaub ntawv?
Quantile. txhua chav kawm muaj cov yam ntxwv sib npaug. Ib qho kev faib tawm ntau yog zoo haum rau cov ntaub ntawv faib tawm. Quantile muab tib tus lej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj nuj nqis rau txhua chav kawm