Video: Dab tsi yog soft thiab hard acids?
2024 Tus sau: Miles Stephen | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-15 23:36
The HSAB ( Hard Soft Acid Base) txoj kev xav categorizes hom tshuaj raws li kua qaub los yog bases thiab raws li " nyuaj ”, “ mos ", los yog "borderline". Nws piav li ntawd cov kua qaub los yog hauv paus zoo li loj thiab polarizable heev, thaum nyuaj acids los yog cov hauv paus me me thiab tsis yog polarizable.
Ib yam li ntawd ib tug yuav nug, dab tsi yog qhov nyuaj thiab mos acid thiab puag?
Lewis hauv paus tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: nyuaj bases muaj me me, kuj tsis muaj polarizable pub atoms (xws li N, O, thiab F), thiab. mos bases muaj cov loj, kuj polarizable pub atoms (xws li P, S, thiab Cl).
Ib yam li ntawd, hard acids thiab bases muab piv txwv li cas? Hlau-ligand kev sib tshuam yog ib eg a Lewis kua qaub – puag kev sib tham. Lewis hauv paus tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: nyuaj bases muaj me me, kuj tsis muaj polarizable pub atoms (xws li N, O, thiab F), thiab.
Nyuaj thiab Mos Acids thiab Bases.
| Cov kua qaub | Bases | |
|---|---|---|
| nyuaj | Al3+, Sc3+, Cr3+ | CO32− |
| Ti4+ | PO43− | |
| mos | BF3, Al2Cl6, CO2,SO3 | |
| Cu+, Ag+, Aw+, Tl+, Hg22+ | H− |
Ib yam li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem nug, dab tsi yog ib qho kua qaub?
Cov kua qaub thiab Bases. Cov kua qaub muaj cov cations loj loj uas tsis muaj nqi thiab cov molecules nrog lub zog muaj zog nyob hauv molecular orbitals. Cov kua qaub tau yooj yim polarizable. Mos bases teb tau yooj yim dua thiab tsim cov tebchaw ruaj khov thiab cov complexes nrog cov kua qaub.
Puas yog tooj liab yog ib qho nyuaj lossis soft acid?
Nyob rau hauv no milieu, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm nyuaj thiab cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus (HSAB) tau yog ib qho kev qhia zoo heev rau cov kws tshuaj inorganic. Tooj (i) tau muab faib ua ib mos cation.
Pom zoo:
Cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm nucleic acids yog dab tsi?
Nucleic acids yog macromolecules uas khaws cov ntaub ntawv caj ces thiab ua kom muaj protein ntau. Nucleic acids muaj xws li DNA thiab RNA. Cov molecules no yog tsim los ntawm ntev strands ntawm nucleotides. Nucleotides yog tsim los ntawm nitrogenous puag, tsib-carbon qab zib, thiab phosphate pawg
Acids thiab ntsev yog dab tsi?
Cov kua qaub txhais tau tias yog ib yam khoom uas nws cov kua dej qab qab zib, tig xiav litmus liab thiab neutralizes hauv paus. Ntsev yog cov khoom nruab nrab uas nws cov kua dej tsis cuam tshuam rau litmus. Raws li Faraday: acids, bases, thiab ntsev yog hu ua electrolytes
Dab tsi yog qhov tseeb ntawm acids thiab bases?
Cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus yog qhov muaj zog lossis tsis muaj zog. Lub zog acid lossis lub hauv paus muaj zog tag nrho dissociates rau hauv nws cov ions hauv dej. Yog hais tias lub compound tsis tag dissociate, nws yog ib tug qaug zog acid los yog puag. Acids tig litmus ntawv liab, thaum lub hauv paus tig litmus ntawv xiav. Cov tshuaj nruab nrab yuav tsis hloov daim ntawv xim
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Arrhenius txhais thiab brønsted Lowry txhais ntawm acids thiab bases?
Qhov txawv ntawm peb txoj kev xav yog qhov kev xav Arrhenius hais tias cov kua qaub ib txwm muaj H + thiab cov hauv paus ib txwm muaj OH-. Thaum tus qauv Bronsted-Lowry thov tias cov kua qaub yog cov neeg pub dawb proton thiab cov neeg txais kev lees paub yog li cov hauv paus tsis tas yuav muaj OH- yog li cov kua qaub pub ib qho proton rau dej tsim H3O +
Puas yog tooj liab yog ib qho nyuaj lossis soft acid?
Copper(i) tau muab cais ua ib qho khoom muag muag. Txawm li cas los xij, lub peev xwm ntawm tooj liab (i) los khi cov neeg pub dawb los yog muag muag thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov reactivities nthuav tawm los ntawm tooj liab (i) complexes tau tsa qee cov lus nug txog qhov xwm ntawm tooj liab (i)