Video: Acids thiab ntsev yog dab tsi?
2024 Tus sau: Miles Stephen | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-15 23:36
Ib kua qaub txhais tau tias yog ib yam khoom uas nws cov dej qab zib qab zib, tig xiav litmus liab thiab neutralizes hauv paus . Ntsev yog ib yam khoom nruab nrab uas nws cov kua dej tsis cuam tshuam litmus. Raws li Faraday: kua qaub , bases, thiab ntsev yog hu ua electrolytes.
Kuj yuav paub yog, dab tsi yog acid puag thiab ntsev nrog piv txwv?
Feem ntau piv txwv muaj xws li sodium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, sodium hydrogen carbonate (sodium bicarbonate), sodium hypochlorite thiab ammonia. Neutralization yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ib qho kua qaub thiab ib qho alkali uas ua rau a ntsev thiab dej. Cov kua qaub tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog qee cov hlau los ua ib qho ntsev thiab hydrogen gas.
Ib yam li ntawd, siv cov acids hauv paus thiab ntsev yog dab tsi? Hauv kev lag luam chemical, kua qaub react nyob rau hauv neutralization tshwm sim los tsim ntsev . Piv txwv li, nitric kua qaub reacts nrog ammonia los tsim ammonium nitrate, chiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, carboxylic kua qaub tuaj yeem esterified nrog cawv, tsim cov esters.
Kuj tseem paub yog, qhov sib txawv ntawm acid puag thiab ntsev yog dab tsi?
Acid muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm ions thiab qaub nyob rau hauv saj. Ntsev yog tsim thaum kua qaub thiab puag ob qho tib si sib xyaw ua ke thiab yog neutralized. Cov ions tsis zoo tsim dej thaum cov ions zoo tsim ntsev . Txawm li cas los xij, ob qho tib si kua qaub thiab hauv paus yog corrosive nyob rau hauv cov xwm, thiab kuaj kua qaub thiab hauv paus tuaj yeem ua mob rau daim tawv nqaij thiab cov hlau.
Dab tsi yog hu ua base?
Hauv chemistry, a puag yog ib hom tshuaj uas pub electrons, txais cov protons, lossis tso tawm hydroxide (OH-) ions hauv cov kua dej. Bases tso saib tej yam ntxwv yam ntxwv uas yuav siv tau los pab txheeb xyuas lawv. Hom ntawm hauv paus suav nrog Arrhenius puag , Brosted-Lowry puag , thiab Lewis puag.
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