Video: Kev tshem tawm hauv chromosomes yog dab tsi?
2024 Tus sau: Miles Stephen | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-15 23:36
Hauv genetics, a kev tshem tawm (tseem hu ua gene kev tshem tawm , deficiency, los yog kev tshem tawm mutation) (kos npe: Δ) yog kev hloov pauv (kev hloov pauv caj ces) uas yog ib feem ntawm ib qho chromosome lossis ib ntu ntawm DNA raug tso tawm thaum lub sijhawm DNA rov ua dua. Txhua tus naj npawb ntawm nucleotides tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm, los ntawm ib lub hauv paus mus rau tag nrho cov khoom chromosome.
Ua li no, yuav ua li cas thaum tshem tawm ntawm chromosome?
A kev tshem tawm kev hloov pauv tshwm sim thaum ib feem ntawm DNA molecule tsis tau theej thaum lub sij hawm DNA replication. Qhov tsis tau luam tawm no tuaj yeem ua me me li ib qho nucleotide lossis ntau npaum li tag nrho chromosome . Kev poob ntawm DNA no thaum rov ua dua tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob caj ces. Hauv ib qho kev hloov pauv ib qho yuam kev tshwm sim hauv ib qho nucleotide.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov sib txawv ntawm kev rho tawm thiab luam tawm yog dab tsi? Kev tshem tawm tshwm sim thaum chromosome tawg thiab qee yam khoom siv caj ces ploj. Kev tshem tawm tuaj yeem loj lossis me, thiab tuaj yeem tshwm sim nyob txhua qhov chaw ntawm chromosome. Duplications . Duplications tshwm sim thaum ib feem ntawm chromosome raug theej ( luam tawm ) ntau zaus.
Ntawm no, dab tsi yog qhov teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm kev tshem tawm chromosomal?
46.5 ib. 1 22 q11 Kev tshem tawm Syndrome 22 q11 kev tshem tawm syndrome yog feem ntau tib neeg chromosomal tshem tawm syndrome tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kwv yees li ib tug ntawm 4000-6000 nyob yug (29).
Koj puas tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob nrog lub chromosome uas ploj lawm?
Yog tias lub cev muaj tsawg lossis ntau dhau chromosomes , feem ntau nws yuav tsis ciaj sia mus yug. Tsuas yog qhov twg a tsis muaj chromosome kev zam txim yog thaum X lossis Y chromosome yog ploj lawm . Tus mob no, hu ua Turner syndrome lossis XO, cuam tshuam txog 1 ntawm txhua 2,500 tus poj niam.
Pom zoo:
Kev tshem tawm thawj zaug yog dab tsi?
Lus Txhais Thawj qhov kev txiav txim tshem tawm kinetics: 'Kev tshem tawm ib feem tsis tu ncua ntawm ib lub sijhawm ntawm cov tshuaj muaj nyob hauv lub cev. Kev tshem tawm yog proportional rau cov tshuaj concentration.'
Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tawm hauv cov crystal kev loj hlob tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam?
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua kom qhov kev sim npog kom tsis txhob muaj plua plav thiab lwm yam khoom siv tsis xav tau los ntawm kev cuam tshuam kev loj hlob siv lead ua. Saib xyuas kev tsim cov muaju ntawm cov hlua txhua hnub. Sab laug tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, cov muaju yuav tsum loj dua txhua hnub kom txog thaum cov tshuaj qhuav qhuav
Dab tsi qib ntawm kev ywj pheej tshem tawm qhov kev txwv tangent?
Ib qho kev txwv tangent tshem tawm ib qib ntawm kev txhais lus tawm. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub tog raj kheej thiab lub dav hlau, nws tshem tawm ib qib ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm kev ywj pheej thiab ib qib kev ywj pheej ntawm kev sib hloov. Sab hauv Cov Haujlwm Thawj qhov xaiv hauv qhov thib ob xaiv ntawm qhov tangent point
Dab tsi yog lwm lo lus rau kev tshem tawm?
Dislocation. Kev ua lossis txheej txheem ntawm dislocating los yog lub xeev ntawm dislocated: tshem tawm ntawm ib feem ntawm lub cev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib ntus hloov ntawm ib tug pob txha los ntawm nws li qub txoj hauj lwm
Dab tsi yog lub zog tso tawm cov txheej txheem uas rhuav tshem cov molecules loj rau hauv cov me?
Catabolic Reactions. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Catabolic rhuav tshem cov organic molecules loj rau hauv cov molecules me, tso tawm lub zog uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj bonds