Video: Cov niam txiv qhov muag xiav puas tuaj yeem muaj menyuam qhov muag xim av?
2024 Tus sau: Miles Stephen | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-15 23:36
Vim hais tias ob lub noob nyob ntawm ib leeg, nws muaj peev xwm ua tau rau ib tus neeg los ua tus neeg nqa khoom ntawm tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb. qhov muag xim av . Thiab yog tias ob xiav qhov muag niam txiv cov kab mob, ces lawv tuaj yeem muaj a xim av qhov muag me nyuam . Txiv neej lom zem heev! Ob leeg tuaj nyob rau hauv versions uas ua tau ua rau ob lub qhov muag xiav.
Ua li no, cov niam txiv uas muaj qhov muag xim av puas tuaj yeem muaj menyuam qhov muag xiav?
Ob xim av - niam txiv qhov muag (yog tias ob leeg yog heterozygous) tuaj yeem muaj xiav - qhov muag me nyuam . Txawm li cas los xij, txij li qhov muag xim yog polygenic, ob peb lwm cov noob exertthe lawv cov teebmeem thiab. Yog li yog, thaum nws txawv txawv, nws muaj peev xwm heev xiav - niam txiv qhov muag rau muaj a xim av - tus tub qhov muag !
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov muag daj thiab xim av tuaj yeem ua xiav? Qhov muag xim yog txiav txim los ntawm noob. Txawm hais tias nws feem ntau yuav muaj cov menyuam yug los rau ob xim av - qhov muag niam txiv kuj yuav xim av - qhov muag , cov me nyuam yuav xaus nrog xiav , ntsuab, or hazel ob lub qhov muag . Cov noob yog cov khoom ntawm deoxyribonucleic acid, lossis DNA. Txhua tus neeg lub cev zoo yog tswj los ntawm cov noob.
Yog li ntawd, ob niam txiv puas xav tau qhov muag xiav kom muaj menyuam qhov muag xiav?
Yog ob niam txiv muaj qhov muag xiav , cov menyuam yuav muaj qhov muag xiav . Xim av qhov muag daim ntawv ntawm cov qhov muag xim noob (los yog allele) yog qhov tseem ceeb, whereasthe xiav qhov muag allele yog recessive.
Leej twg yog leej niam leej txiv txiav txim qhov muag xim?
Qhov muag xim yog ncaj qha ntsig txog tus nqi thiab zoo ntawm melanin nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej txheej ntawm iris. Cov neeg muaj xim av qhov muag muaj ntau ntawm melanin nyob rau hauv lub iris, thaum cov neeg muaj xiav qhov muag muaj ntau tsawg ntawm cov xim no. Cov cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb ntawm chromosome 15 plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv xim qhov muag.
Pom zoo:
Ob niam txiv cov plaub hau dub puas tuaj yeem muaj tus menyuam daj ntseg?
Yog lawm, cov noob rau lub teeb lossis cov plaub hau daj yog qhov tsis zoo rau cov plaub hau tsaus nti, txhais tau tias koj xav tau ob daim ntawv luam ntawm cov noob daj (ib qho los ntawm niam, ib qho los ntawm txiv) kom muaj ib tug me nyuam plaub hau daj. Yog hais tias tus me nyuam tau txais ib daim ntawv rau cov plaub hau tsaus thiab ib daim ntawv rau cov plaub hau daj, qhov tsaus ntuj yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb, txhais tau tias tus me nyuam yuav muaj cov plaub hau tsaus
Cov niam txiv muaj ntshav hom A thiab B puas tuaj yeem muaj menyuam nrog O?
Yog lawm, vim txhua tus neeg muaj ob 'genes' rau hom ntshav. Yog li ntawd, ob tug niam txiv uas muaj hom ntshav A lossis B, yog li ntawd, tuaj yeem tsim tau tus menyuam muaj ntshav hom O. Yog tias lawv ob leeg muaj AO lossis BO noob, txhua tus niam txiv tuaj yeem pub cov noob O rau cov xeeb ntxwv. Tom qab ntawd cov xeeb ntxwv yuav muaj OO noob, ua rau lawv cov ntshav hom O
Yuav ua li cas tshwm sim thaum tus txiv neej dig muag xim yuav ib tug poj niam ib txwm?
X qhia txog kev sib deev-txuas ntxiv cov noob rau xim dig muag. Yog hais tias tus txiv neej dig muag xim 0(Y) yuav poj niam ib txwm (XX), nyob rau hauv F1 tiam tag nrho cov txiv neej progeny (cov tub) yuav zoo li qub (XY). Cov poj niam progeny (cov ntxhais) tab sis yuav pom cov phenotype ib txwm, tab sis genetically lawv yuav heterozygous (XX)
Puas yog cov menyuam ntxhais zoo ib yam rau niam txiv cell hauv meiosis?
Cov txheej txheem ua rau plaub tus ntxhais lub hlwb uas yog haploid, uas txhais tau hais tias lawv muaj ib nrab ntawm cov chromosomes ntawm diploid niam txiv cell. Meiosis muaj ob qho tib si zoo sib xws thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm mitosis, uas yog cov txheej txheem ntawm tes faib ua niam txiv cell tsim ob lub hlwb zoo tib yam
Yuav ua li cas yog qhov tshwm sim uas ib tug poj niam dig muag xim uas yuav ib tug txiv neej uas tsis pom kev zoo yuav muaj xim dig muag me nyuam?
Yog tias tus poj niam uas muaj lub zeem muag zoo li no (heterozygous rau qhov muag tsis pom xim) yuav ib tug txiv neej ib txwm muaj (XY), cov xeeb ceem hauv qab no tuaj yeem xav tau hauv F2 tiam: ntawm cov ntxhais, 50% yog ib txwm muaj thiab 50% yog cov neeg nqa khoom rau cov kab mob; ntawm cov tub, 50% yog xim dig muag thiab 50% yog qhov pom kev zoo