Video: Alu thawj zaug tshwm sim thaum twg?
2024 Tus sau: Miles Stephen | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-15 23:36
Alu TEs ntseeg tau tias tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv primates nyob ib ncig ntawm 65 lab xyoo dhau los. Niaj hnub no, lawv yog hom neeg ntau tshaj plaws ntawm TE, ua ib qho amazing 10% ntawm (diploid) tib neeg genome. Yog li, nyob rau hauv tsuas yog 65 lab xyoo, cov transposons tau ploj mus ntawm xoom mus txog 1 lab luam ntawm ib lub xovtooj!
Ib yam li ntawd, nws tau nug, thaum twg Alu hloov zuj zus?
Dating rov qab 65 lab xyoo, AluJ kab lig kev cai yog qhov qub tshaj plaws thiab qis tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tib neeg genome. Cov tub ntxhais hluas AluS yog kwv yees li 30 lab xyoo thiab tseem muaj qee qhov kev ua haujlwm cov ntsiab lus . Thaum kawg, AluY cov ntsiab lus yog tus yau tshaj ntawm peb thiab muaj lub siab zoo tshaj plaws kom txav mus raws tib neeg genome.
Ib sab saum toj no, puas yog Alu insertions cuam tshuam rau tus kab mob? Cov genomic rearrangements tshwm sim los ntawm Alu ntsiab tuaj yeem ua rau caj ces tsis meej pem xws li keeb kwm kab mob , ntshav tsis txaus, thiab mob paj hlwb. Qhov tseeb, Alu ntsiab yog txuam nrog kwv yees li 0.1% ntawm tib neeg caj ces tsis meej pem.
Raws li, qhov twg yog lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm Alu insertion?
Alu cov ntsiab lus tej zaum tshwm sim los ntawm cov noob uas encodes RNA tivthaiv ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo, uas sau cov proteins rau kev xa tawm ntawm lub xovtooj. Alu yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm lub npe hu ua "dav gene" - transposable DNA ib ntus uas "reproduces" los ntawm kev theej nws tus kheej thiab tso rau hauv qhov chaw tshiab chromosome.
Ntev npaum li cas Alu ua ntu zus?
Alu sequences yog rov ua dua DNA Kev pom zoo Alu sequences yog kwv yees li 280 bp in ntev , thiab muaj ob yam zoo sib xws, tab sis txawv monomers txuas los ntawm ib qho oligo-d(A) tract (Fig. 1). Txoj cai Alu monomer muaj 31 bp ntxig tsis tuaj ntawm sab laug monomer.
Pom zoo:
Qhov twg tshwm sim thawj lub teeb nyob ntawm qhov tshwm sim lossis lub teeb ywj pheej?
Lub Teeb-Dependent thiab Lub Teeb-Independent Reactions. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lub teeb, lossis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lub teeb-dependent, yog thawj zaug. Peb hu lawv ob leeg thiab ob lub npe. Nyob rau hauv lub teeb-dependent tshwm sim ntawm photosynthesis, lub zog ntawm lub teeb propels lub electrons los ntawm ib tug photosystem mus rau lub high-zog lub xeev
Thaum lub sij hawm geological twg puas tau cov kab mob thawj zaug tshwm sim hauv ntiaj teb?
Nyob ze rau qhov kawg ntawm lub sijhawm no, kwv yees li 2.7 txog 2.9 billion xyoo dhau los, raws li Blank, stromatolites, cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob uas siv photosynthesis los tsim lub zog yam tsis muaj oxygen, thawj zaug tshwm sim
Nyob rau lub sijhawm twg cov pob txha tshwm sim thawj zaug?
Lub sijhawm Cambrian qis
Thaum twg cov kab mob tshwm sim thawj zaug hauv ntiaj teb?
4 billion xyoo dhau los
Yuav ua li cas koj pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim tsawg kawg ib zaug?
Txhawm rau xam qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim tsawg kawg ib zaug, nws yuav yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm qhov xwm txheej tsis tshwm sim. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim yeej tsis tshwm sim thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim tsawg kawg ib zaug yuav sib npaug, lossis 100% txoj hauv kev