Video: Cov ntaub ntawv ntau npaum li cas hauv DNA?
2024 Tus sau: Miles Stephen | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-15 23:36
Ib byte ib leeg (los yog 8 ntsis) tuaj yeem sawv cev 4 DNA puag khub. Yuav kom sawv cev rau tag nrho diploid tib neeg genome nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm bytes, peb yuav ua tau cov nram qab no xam: 6 × 10 ^ 9 puag khub / diploid genome x 1 byte / 4 puag khub = 1.5 × 10 ^ 9 bytes los yog 1.5 Gigabytes, txog 2 CDs tsim nyog qhov chaw!
Ib yam li ntawd, ntau npaum li cas cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib txoj kab ntawm DNA?
Hauv tib neeg, qhov ntev tshaj plaws DNA strand yog chromosome 1, thiab qhov ntawd yog 247 lab lub hauv paus ntev. Ntawm qhov luv luv, luv tshaj DNA strand yog ib tug dimer (ob lub hauv paus). Yog li, muaj ntau tshaj qhov ua tau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm 2 ntsis rau hauv paus.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv ntau npaum li cas hauv cov phev? A phev muaj 37.5 MB ntawm DNA cov ntaub ntawv. Ib qho ejaculation hloov 15, 875 GB ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, sib npaug rau 7,500 lub laptops.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv dab tsi khaws cia hauv DNA?
Cov cov ntaub ntawv hauv DNA yog khaws cia Raws li cov cai tsim los ntawm plaub lub hauv paus tshuaj: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), thiab thymine (T). Tib neeg DNA muaj li ntawm 3 billion lub hauv paus, thiab ntau dua 99 feem pua ntawm cov hauv paus yog tib yam hauv txhua tus neeg.
Muaj pes tsawg grams ntawm DNA nyob hauv tib neeg lub cev?
DNA cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib txwm tib neeg cell yog hais txog 6 x 10^-12 grams (https://www.biotech.wisc.edu/outr) Tib neeg lub cev muaj li ntawm 1 x 10^13 hlwb, tab sis tus lej ntawd kuj sib txawv heev (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hum) Muab ob yields 60 grams.
Pom zoo:
Cov ntaub ntawv ntau npaum li cas hauv tib neeg genome?
Lub 2.9 billion lub hauv paus khub ntawm haploid tib neeg genome sib haum mus rau qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 725 megabytes ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, txij li txhua tus khub tuaj yeem raug coded los ntawm 2 cov khoom. Txij li thaum ib tus neeg genomes sib txawv los ntawm tsawg dua 1% ntawm ib leeg, lawv tuaj yeem poob qis qis rau kwv yees li 4 megabytes
Txoj kev faib cov ntaub ntawv twg muab cov ntaub ntawv sib npaug ntawm cov ntaub ntawv lossis cov kev tshuaj xyuas hauv txhua chav kawm cov ntaub ntawv?
Quantile. txhua chav kawm muaj cov yam ntxwv sib npaug. Ib qho kev faib tawm ntau yog zoo haum rau cov ntaub ntawv faib tawm. Quantile muab tib tus lej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj nuj nqis rau txhua chav kawm
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv twg yog qhov ntsuas ntawm tus nqi uas cov ntaub ntawv muaj nuj nqis heev?
Variation: Ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm tus nqi uas cov ntaub ntawv muaj nuj nqis sib txawv. ? Kev faib tawm: Cov xwm txheej lossis cov duab ntawm kev sib kis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hla ntau qhov tseem ceeb (xws li tswb-puab). ? Outliers: Cov qauv piv txwv uas nyob deb heev ntawm feem ntau ntawm lwm cov qauv nqi
Thaum muab piv cov qauv sau rau ib tus neeg raug liam cov ntaub ntawv lub hnub nyoog sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj kaum ob lub hlis?
Thaum piv cov qauv sau rau tus neeg raug liam? cov ntaub ntawv, lub hnub nyoog sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj rau rau kaum ob lub hlis. Tus lej txaus ntawm tus qauv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib piv
Dab tsi yog cov cuab yeej lossis cov ntaub ntawv uas tus Kws Tshawb Fawb xav tau los txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv nug?
Cov ntaub ntawv raug nug hauv chav kuaj ua txhaum cai yog nruab nrog lub tshuab ntsuas ntsuas, ntsuas cov duab digital, infrared thiab ultraviolet lub teeb ci, cov cuab yeej tshuaj ntsuam video thiab cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb suav nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshawb pom electrostatic (EDD) thiab cov khoom siv los ua chemistry