Video: Dab tsi yog acids thiab bases hauv chemistry?
2024 Tus sau: Miles Stephen | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-15 23:36
Hauv chemistry , acids thiab bases tau raug txhais txawv los ntawm peb pawg ntawm kev xav. Ib qho yog Arrhenius txhais, uas tig los ntawm lub tswv yim ntawd kua qaub yog cov khoom uas ionize (so tawm) nyob rau hauv ib tug aqueous tov los tsim hydrogen (H+) ions thaum hauv paus tsim hydroxide (OH-) ions hauv kev daws.
Hais txog qhov no, dab tsi yog ib qho acid lossis lub hauv paus?
Ib kua qaub yog ib yam khoom uas pub hydrogen ions. Tam sim no muaj hydrogen ions ntau dua li hydroxide ions hauv cov tshuaj. Cov tshuaj no yog acidic. A puag yog ib yam khoom uas txais hydrogen ions. Thaum a puag yog yaj hauv dej, qhov sib npaug ntawm hydrogen ions thiab hydroxide ions hloov mus rau qhov sib txawv.
Ib yam li ntawd, cov hauv paus hauv chemistry yog dab tsi? Hauv chemistry , hauv paus yog cov khoom uas, hauv cov kua dej, tso tawm hydroxide (OH−) ions, yog nplua rau qhov kov, tuaj yeem saj iab yog alkali, hloov cov xim ntawm cov cim (xws li, tig liab litmus ntawv xiav), hnov mob nrog acids los ua ntsev, txhawb qee yam tshuaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ( puag catalysis), txais cov protons
Tsis tas li ntawd, dab tsi yog acid hauv chemistry?
Ib kua qaub yog a tshuaj hom uas pub cov protons los yog hydrogen ions thiab / los yog txais electrons. Lo lus kua qaub los ntawm Latin lo lus acidus los yog acere, uas txhais tau tias "qaub," txij li ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm kua qaub Nyob rau hauv dej yog qaub saj (piv txwv li, vinegar los yog txiv qaub kua txiv).
Dab tsi yog acids thiab bases hauv science?
Acids thiab bases yog ob hom tshuaj tshwj xeeb. Yog tias nws muaj hydrogen ions ntau, ces nws yog ib qho kua qaub . Yog hais tias nws muaj ntau hydroxide ions, ces nws yog ib tug puag . pH nplai. Cov kws tshawb fawb siv ib yam dab tsi hu ua pH nplai los ntsuas seb yuav ua li cas acidic los yog ib qho yooj yim kua yog.
Pom zoo:
Dab tsi yog qhov tseeb ntawm acids thiab bases?
Cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus yog qhov muaj zog lossis tsis muaj zog. Lub zog acid lossis lub hauv paus muaj zog tag nrho dissociates rau hauv nws cov ions hauv dej. Yog hais tias lub compound tsis tag dissociate, nws yog ib tug qaug zog acid los yog puag. Acids tig litmus ntawv liab, thaum lub hauv paus tig litmus ntawv xiav. Cov tshuaj nruab nrab yuav tsis hloov daim ntawv xim
Muaj pes tsawg guanine bases puas yog 50 lub hauv paus khub ob txoj hlua DNA 100 bases tag nrho muaj yog tias nws muaj 25 adenine bases?
Yog li, muaj tag nrho ntawm 25 + 25 = 50 adenine thiab thymine hauv tag nrho. Qhov ntawd tawm 100− 50 = 50 seem hauv paus. Nco ntsoov tias cytosine thiab guanine daim ntawv cog lus nrog ib leeg, thiab yog li lawv sib npaug ntawm cov nyiaj. Tam sim no peb tuaj yeem faib los ntawm 2 kom tau txais tus lej ntawm guanine lossis cytosine hauv paus
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Arrhenius txhais thiab brønsted Lowry txhais ntawm acids thiab bases?
Qhov txawv ntawm peb txoj kev xav yog qhov kev xav Arrhenius hais tias cov kua qaub ib txwm muaj H + thiab cov hauv paus ib txwm muaj OH-. Thaum tus qauv Bronsted-Lowry thov tias cov kua qaub yog cov neeg pub dawb proton thiab cov neeg txais kev lees paub yog li cov hauv paus tsis tas yuav muaj OH- yog li cov kua qaub pub ib qho proton rau dej tsim H3O +
Dab tsi yog Arrhenius lub tswv yim ntawm acids thiab bases?
Lub tswv yim Arrhenius acid-base cais cov khoom ua kua qaub yog tias nws tsim hydrogen ions H (+) lossis hydronium ions hauv dej. Ib yam khoom raug cais raws li lub hauv paus yog tias nws tsim hydroxide ions OH (-) hauv dej. Lwm txoj hauv kev ntawm kev faib cov tshuaj raws li cov kua qaub lossis cov hauv paus yog lub tswv yim Bronsted-Lowry thiab Lewis lub tswv yim
Dab tsi yog acids thiab bases raws li brønsted Lowry txoj kev xav?
Xyoo 1923, chemists Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted thiab Thomas Martin Lowry ntawm nws tus kheej tsim cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus raws li cov khoom sib xyaw muaj peev xwm pub dawb los yog txais cov protons (H + ions). Hauv qhov kev xav no, cov kua qaub txhais tau tias yog cov neeg pub dawb; whereas bases txhais tau tias yog proton txais