Video: Yuav ua li cas peptidoglycan synthesized?
2024 Tus sau: Miles Stephen | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-15 23:36
Biosynthesis. Cov peptidoglycan monomers yog ua ke nyob rau hauv lub cytosol thiab ces txuas mus rau ib tug membrane carrier bactoprenol. Bactoprenol thauj peptidoglycan monomers hla lub cell membrane qhov twg lawv muab tso rau hauv cov uas twb muaj lawm peptidoglycan.
Ntxiv rau qhov no, peptidoglycan biosynthesis yog dab tsi?
Cov biosynthesis ntawm cov kab mob cell phab ntsa peptidoglycan yog ib qho txheej txheem nyuaj uas cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv enzyme uas tshwm sim hauv cytoplasm ( synthesis ntawm nucleotide precursors) thiab sab hauv ( synthesis ntawm lipid-txuas intermediates) thiab sab nraud (polymerization cov tshuaj tiv thaiv) ntawm cytoplasmic membrane.
Tsis tas li ntawd, peptidoglycan nyob qhov twg? Peptidoglycan (murein) yog ib qho tseem ceeb thiab tshwj xeeb ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm cov kab mob pom nyob rau sab nraud ntawm cytoplasmic membrane ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov kab mob (Rogers li al., 1980; Park, 1996; Nanninga, 1998; Mengin-Lecreulx & Lemaitre, 2005).
Ib yam li ib tug yuav nug, dab tsi tiv thaiv peptidoglycan synthesis?
Cov peptidoglycan cell phab ntsa ncig lub cytoplasmic membrane thiab tiv thaiv osmotic lysis. Peptidoglycan yog tsim los ntawm interlocking chains ntawm lub tsev blocks hu ua peptidoglycan cov monomers. Muaj ntau cov tshuaj tua kab mob inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis nyob rau hauv cov kab mob thiab ua rau osmotic lysis ntawm cov kab mob.
Cov qauv tshuaj ntawm peptidoglycan yog dab tsi?
Peptidoglycan yog ua los ntawm chains ntawm alternating molecules hu ua N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) thiab N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM). Thaum ob tug no molecules yog covalently bonded ua ke, nws yog hu ua ib tug glycan saw. Zoo li cov shingles ntawm peb lub ru tsev, tuaj yeem muaj ntau txheej ntawm glycan chains nyob rau hauv peptidoglycan txheej.
Pom zoo:
Puas yog DNA synthesized thaum lub voj voog ntawm tes?
Txawm hais tias kev loj hlob ntawm tes feem ntau yog cov txheej txheem tas mus li, DNA yog synthesized thaum lub sij hawm tsuas yog ib theem ntawm lub voj voog ntawm tes, thiab cov chromosomes replicated ces faib rau tus ntxhais nuclei los ntawm ib tug complex series ntawm cov txheej xwm ua ntej cell division
Qhov twg yog cytosolic proteins synthesized?
Cytosolic proteins thiab proteins uas yog destined rau lub nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts thiab peroxisomes (koj yuav kawm txog lwm yam organelles tom qab hauv chav kawm no) yog synthesized los ntawm cov dawb ribosomes hauv cytosol
Qhov twg yog ribosomes synthesized?
Nyob rau hauv cov kab mob hlwb, ribosomes yog synthesized nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm los ntawm transcription ntawm ntau ribosome noob operons. Hauv eukaryotes, cov txheej txheem yuav siv ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv lub cell cytoplasm thiab nyob rau hauv lub nucleolus, uas yog ib cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub cell nucleus
Cov molecules tshiab ntawm DNA synthesized li cas?
Nyob rau hauv ib lub cell eukaryotic, DNA yog synthesized ua ntej cell division los ntawm ib tug txheej txheem hu ua replication. Cov molecule no coj cov nucleotides ntxiv rau txhua qhov DNA. Cov nucleotides txuas los tsim cov DNA tshiab, uas yog cov ntawv luam ntawm cov strand qub hu ua ntxhais strands
Puas yog mRNA synthesized hauv kev txhais lus lossis kev sau ntawv?
Lub mRNA tsim nyob rau hauv transcription yog thauj tawm ntawm lub nucleus, mus rau hauv lub cytoplasm, mus rau lub ribosome (lub cell lub protein synthesis Hoobkas). Cov txheej txheem uas mRNA coj cov protein synthesis nrog kev pab ntawm tRNA hu ua kev txhais lus. Lub ribosome yog ib qho loj heev ntawm RNA thiab protein molecules