Video: Puas muaj peev xwm rov kho dua hauv Oxymercuration Demercuration?
2024 Tus sau: Miles Stephen | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-15 23:36
Yam ntxwv ntawm oxymercuration - demercuration yog: no kev kho dua tshiab (tsis muaj carbocation nruab nrab, cyclic mercurinium ion yog qhov nruab nrab) Cov khoom lag luam zoo sib xws rau (yuav luag tshwj xeeb) Markovnikov ntxiv dej (Regioselectivity kwv yees los ntawm Markovnikov txoj cai nyiam feem ntau cov cawv hloov pauv)
Dhau li ntawd, puas yog Oxymercuration Demercuration syn lossis anti?
Lub nucleophile yuav tawm tsam mercuronium ion nyob rau lub sijhawm no. Yog li ntawd, cov nucleophile tawm tsam cov pa roj carbon ntau dua vim nws khaws cov cwj pwm zoo dua li cov pa roj carbon tsawg dua. Stereochemically, oxymercuration yog ib tiv thaiv ntxiv.
Qhov thib ob, yog Oxymercuration stereospecific? Oxymercuration yog ib qho tshwj xeeb electrophilic ntxiv. Nws yog anti- stereospecific thiab regioselective. Regioselectivity yog ib txoj hauv kev uas cov neeg hloov pauv tau xaiv ib qho kev taw qhia nws nyiam kom txuas mus rau tag nrho lwm cov lus qhia ua tau.
Puas yog Oxymercuration Demercuration anti markovnikov?
Oxymercuration - Demercuration yog ob kauj ruam txoj kev siv los tsim cov cawv. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv pib hauv a Markovnikov yam thiab yog stereospecific ( tiv thaiv ntxiv). Ob kauj ruam ntawm oxymerecuration-demercuraton yuav siv qhov chaw ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm ob daim ntawv cog lus tsim trans stereochemistry.
Oxymercuration txo yog dab tsi?
Oxymercuration txo . Cov oxymercuration Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ib qho electrophilic ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas hloov cov alkene rau hauv cov cawv nruab nrab.
Pom zoo:
Cov khoom puas muaj ob qho tib si kinetic thiab lub zog muaj peev xwm?
Ib yam khoom muaj peev xwm muaj ob qho tib si kinetic thiab lub zog muaj peev xwm tib lub sijhawm. Piv txwv li, ib yam khoom uas poob, tab sis tseem tsis tau mus txog hauv av muaj lub zog kinetic vim nws txav mus rau hauv qab, thiab lub zog muaj peev xwm vim tias nws muaj peev xwm txav mus rau hauv qab txawm tias nws twb muaj lawm
Puas muaj cov proteins uas muaj peev xwm xav tau lub zog?
Active thauj cov cab kuj proteins xav tau lub zog txav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lawv cov concentration gradient. Lub zog ntawd tuaj yeem tuaj rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ATP uas yog siv los ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom protein ncaj qha, lossis siv lub zog los ntawm lwm qhov
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm electrostatic muaj peev xwm thiab electrostatic muaj peev xwm zog?
Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm electrostatic potentialenergy thiab hluav taws xob (al) muaj peev xwm zog. Lub peev xwm hluav taws xob ntawm ib qho taw tes yog kev ua haujlwm los ntawm lwm qhov kev quab yuam hauv kev txav chav tsev zoo los ntawm ib qho arbitrarilychosen xoom ntawm lub peev xwm (feem ntau infinity) mus rau lub ntsiab lus
Puas muaj peev xwm hluav taws xob thiab lub zog muaj peev xwm tib yam Vim li cas lossis vim li cas ho tsis?
Lub zog muaj peev xwm hluav taws xob Ue yog lub zog muaj peev xwm khaws cia thaum cov nqi tawm ntawm qhov sib npaug (xws li lub zog muaj peev xwm gravitational). Lub peev xwm hluav taws xob zoo ib yam, tab sis ib tus nqi, Ueq. Ib qho hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm sib txawv ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus hu ua voltage, V = Ue2q−Ue1q
Puas muaj peev xwm equilibrium zoo ib yam li so muaj peev xwm?
Qhov sib txawv ntawm daim nyias nyias muaj peev xwm thiab qhov muaj peev xwm sib npaug (-142 mV) sawv cev rau lub zog hluav taws xob hluav taws xob uas tsav Na + mus rau hauv lub xovtooj ntawm lub peev xwm so membrane. Thaum so, txawm li cas los xij, qhov permeability ntawm daim nyias nyias mus rau Na + tsawg heev kom tsuas yog me me Na + xau rau hauv lub cell