Video: Vim li cas Alu insertions tseem ceeb?
2024 Tus sau: Miles Stephen | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-15 23:36
Alu Cov ntsiab lus tau xav tias yog qia dub lossis kab mob DNA, vim tias lawv qhov kev paub tsuas yog kev tsim tawm tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij lawv zoo li yuav ua lub luag haujlwm hauv evolution thiab tau siv los ua cov cim caj ces. Alu insertions tau raug cuam tshuam rau ntau yam kab mob hauv tib neeg thiab hauv ntau hom mob qog noj ntshav.
Ua li no, puas yog Alu insertions cuam tshuam rau tus kab mob?
Cov genomic rearrangements tshwm sim los ntawm Alu ntsiab tuaj yeem ua rau caj ces tsis meej pem xws li keeb kwm kab mob , ntshav tsis txaus, thiab mob paj hlwb. Qhov tseeb, Alu ntsiab yog txuam nrog kwv yees li 0.1% ntawm tib neeg caj ces tsis meej pem.
Kuj Paub, qhov twg yog lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm Alu insertion? Alu cov ntsiab lus tej zaum tshwm sim los ntawm cov noob uas encodes RNA tivthaiv ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo, uas sau cov proteins rau kev xa tawm ntawm lub xovtooj. Alu yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm lub npe hu ua "dav gene" - transposable DNA ib ntus uas "reproduces" los ntawm kev theej nws tus kheej thiab tso rau hauv qhov chaw tshiab chromosome.
Tsis tas li ntawd, Alu cov ntsiab lus ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tswj cov noob hauv tib neeg?
Alu ntsiab yog 7SL RNA zoo li SINEs (Deininger, 2011). Raws li cov qauv tsim thiab ntau yam haujlwm, Alu ntsiab tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv kev cai ntawm gene qhia thiab tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam rau kev qhia ntawm ntau noob los ntawm kev ntxig rau hauv lossis ze ntawm noob txhawb cheeb tsam.
Ntau npaum li cas Alu insertion mutations tshwm sim de novo hauv tib neeg?
Tam sim no tus nqi ntawm Alu retrotransposition tau kwv yees ua ib qho kev ntxig txhua ~ 20 yug hauv tib neeg , raws li ob qho tib si zaus ntawm kab mob ua rau de novo insertions piv rau nucleotide hloov pauv48 thiab evolutionary kev sib piv ntawm cov tib neeg thiab chimpanzee genomes48 thiab ntau yam tib neeg genome sequences49.
Pom zoo:
Vim li cas qhov piv txwv tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam zaub mov?
Kev kuaj cov zaub mov yog txheej txheem siv los xyuas tias cov khoom noj muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab tsis muaj cov kab mob phem, lossis nws tsuas muaj cov tshuaj ntxiv uas tau tso cai ntawm qib uas tau txais, lossis tias nws muaj cov qib zoo ntawm cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb thiab nws cov ntawv tshaj tawm yog raug, los yog kom paub cov qib ntawm cov as-ham tam sim no
Vim li cas nws tseem ceeb kom paub tias koj txhais li cas ntxiv?
Txhais qhov seem. Kev txhais cov lus tseem ceeb yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum koj faib ua lej vim tias koj tuaj yeem tau txais qhov teeb meem tsis raug yog tias koj tsis txhais cov seem kom raug. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib lo lus teeb meem koj yuav tsum tau faib thiab faib tawm rau koj nrog ib tug seem thiab koj yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg
Vim li cas qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tseem ceeb?
Thaum koj pom tus nqi kiag li hauv qhov teeb meem lossis qhov sib npaug, nws txhais tau hais tias txhua yam nyob hauv tus nqi tiag tiag yog qhov zoo. Cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo feem ntau siv rau hauv cov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog kev nyob deb thiab qee zaum siv nrog qhov tsis sib xws. Qhov ntawd yog qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov nws zoo li qhov deb ntawm xoom
Vim li cas cov nuj nqis tseem ceeb tseem ceeb thaum qhia txog kev ntsuas?
Cov duab tseem ceeb yog qhov tseem ceeb los qhia qhov tseeb ntawm koj cov lus teb. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab engineering vim tias tsis muaj cov cuab yeej ntsuas tuaj yeem ua qhov ntsuas nrog 100% precision. Siv cov nuj nqis tseem ceeb tso cai rau tus kws tshawb fawb paub tias cov lus teb meej npaum li cas, lossis qhov tsis paub meej npaum li cas
Yuav ua li cas yog vim li cas tus qauv ntawm ib qho enzyme tseem ceeb heev rau nws txoj haujlwm hauv cov khoom muaj sia?
Enzymes ua kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tshwm sim hauv cov hlwb. Qhov kev ua haujlwm no cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau lawv cov qauv, nrog rau txhua qhov enzyme tau tshwj xeeb zoo li tus ua kom muaj zog rau ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv. Kev poob ntawm cov qauv ua rau poob haujlwm. - Kub, pH, thiab kev tswj cov molecules tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov enzymes