Video: Lub sijhawm twg S tuaj yeem tswj hwm cov noob caj noob ces?
2024 Tus sau: Miles Stephen | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-15 23:36
Eukaryotic gene qhia yog tswj Thaum lub sij hawm transcription thiab RNA ua, uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub nucleus, thiab thaum lub sij hawm cov protein translation, uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm. Ntxiv mus kev cai tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv tom qab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov protein.
Ua raws li qhov kev pom no, yuav ua li cas gene qhia tswj tom qab kev sau ntawv?
Tom qab ntawd theem ntawm gene qhia tau kuj be tswj , suav nrog: RNA ua, xws li splicing, capping, thiab poly-A tail ntxiv. Messenger RNA ( mRNA ) kev txhais lus thiab lub neej nyob hauv cytosol. Kev hloov kho cov protein, xws li kev sib ntxiv ntawm cov pab pawg tshuaj.
Yam dab tsi tswj cov kev qhia gene? Cov hauv qab no yog cov npe ntawm cov theem uas cov noob qhia tau tswj hwm, qhov feem ntau siv cov ntsiab lus yog Transcription Initiation:
- Chromatin domains.
- Kev sau ntawv.
- Post-transcriptional hloov kho.
- RNA thauj.
- Kev txhais lus.
- Kev degradation ntawm mRNA.
Ua raws li qhov kev pom no, vim li cas cov noob qhia tau tswj hwm hauv cov hlwb prokaryotic?
Prokaryotic hlwb tau xwb tswj gene qhia los ntawm kev tswj tus nqi ntawm transcription. Nws thiaj li tau los tswj tau gene qhia los ntawm kev tswj hwm kev hloov pauv hauv lub nucleus, thiab tseem los ntawm kev tswj hwm qib RNA thiab cov protein txhais lus tam sim no sab nraum lub nucleus.
Yuav ua li cas gene qhia tswj nyob rau hauv eukaryotes?
Gene qhia hauv eukaryotic tshuaj cell yog tswj los ntawm repressors thiab los ntawm transcriptional activators. Zoo li lawv cov prokaryotic counterparts, eukaryotic tshuaj repressors khi rau tej DNA ib ntus thiab inhibit transcription. Lwm cov neeg tawm tsam sib tw nrog cov activators rau kev khi rau qhov tshwj xeeb kev cai ua ntu zus.
Pom zoo:
Dab tsi yog txhais los ntawm cov noob tseem ceeb thiab cov noob caj noob ces?
(Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm caj ces, ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog ib qho uas yog phenotypically qhia hauv heterozygotes). Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tawm tsam qhov tsis zoo uas tshwm sim tsuas yog thaum muaj ob daim ntawv theej ntawm cov noob. (Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus genetic, ib tug recessive zoo yog ib tug uas yog phenotypically qhia tsuas yog nyob rau hauv homozygotes)
Yuav ua li cas tus tsim cov nyhuv ua rau cov noob caj noob ces?
Genetic drift tuaj yeem ua rau poob loj ntawm kev hloov caj ces rau cov neeg me. Qhov tshwm sim tus tsim tshwm sim thaum lub colony tshiab pib los ntawm ob peb tus tswv cuab ntawm thawj cov pej xeem. Cov pej xeem me me no txhais tau hais tias cov cheeb tsam yuav muaj: txo cov noob caj noob ces los ntawm cov neeg qub
Yuav ua li cas cov khoom siv caj ces hauv txhua lub xov tooj tshiab tsim los ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm tes sib piv nrog cov khoom siv caj ces hauv lub xov tooj qub?
Mitosis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob lub nuclei uas zoo tib yam rau thawj nucleus. Yog li, ob lub hlwb tshiab tsim tom qab kev faib tawm ntawm tes muaj tib yam khoom siv caj ces. Thaum lub sij hawm mitosis, chromosomes condense los ntawm chromatin. Thaum saib nrog lub microscope, chromosomes pom nyob rau hauv lub nucleus
Cov plaub hau xim dab tsi yog cov noob caj noob ces?
Raws li ib txoj kev xav, tsawg kawg yog ob lub noob caj noob ces tswj tib neeg cov plaub hau xim. Ib qho phenotype (xim av / xim daj) muaj lub ntsej muag xim av thiab lub ntsej muag daj daj. Ib tug neeg uas muaj xim av allele yuav muaj plaub hau xim av; ib tug neeg uas tsis muaj xim av alleles yuav blond
Ib puag ncig ntawm ib lub xov tooj ntawm tes thiab cov kab mob cuam tshuam li cas ntawm cov noob caj noob ces?
Splicing ntawm mRNA nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov protein sib txawv uas lub cev muaj peev xwm tsim tau. Gene qhia yog tswj los ntawm cov proteins uas khi rau cov hauv paus hauv paus hauv DNA. Ib puag ncig ntawm ib lub xovtooj ntawm tes thiab ntawm lub cev muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov noob caj noob ces