Video: Yuav ua li cas hydrogen bonding ntawm cov dej molecules pab piav qhia dej lub peev xwm nqus tau ntau lub zog ua ntej evaporation?
2024 Tus sau: Miles Stephen | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-15 23:36
Cov hydrogen bonds hauv dej tso cai rau nws nqus thiab tso cua sov zog qeeb qeeb tshaj ntau lwm yam khoom. Qhov kub yog qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov kev txav (kinetic zog ) ntawm molecules . Raws li cov lus tsa suab nce, zog yog siab dua thiab yog li kub siab dua.
Ib yam li ntawd, vim li cas hydrogen bonds tsim ntawm cov dej molecules?
Hydrogen - daim ntawv sib txuas hauv kua dej raws li cov hydrogen atoms ib dej molecule yog attracted rau lub oxygen atom ntawm ib tug nyob sib ze dej molecule ; Feem ntau, ib tug proton sib koom los ntawm ob leeg electron khub. Qhov no attraction yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub ' hydrogen ' daim ntawv cog lus.
Tom qab ntawd, lo lus nug yog, nws siv zog npaum li cas los rhuav tshem kev sib txuas ntawm cov dej molecules? Qhov nruab nrab daim ntawv cog lus zog O-H hauv H2O yog 464 kJ / mol. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias H-OH daim ntawv cog lus yuav tsum tau 498.7 kJ / mol kom dissociate, thaum O-H daim ntawv cog lus xav tau 428 kJ/mol. Thaum twg ntxiv daim ntawv cog lus zog ntawm cov daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv txawv molecules raug muab coj los xav, qhov nruab nrab yuav raug ntau dua.
Cov lus nug tseem yog, vim li cas dej thiaj li muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm hydrogen bonding?
Qhov no attraction tsim los ntawm hydrogen bonding khaws cia dej nyob rau hauv ib tug kua theem nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm kub. Lub zog yuav tsum tau tawg lub hydrogen bonds ua rau dej kom muaj cua sov ntawm vaporization yog li ntawd tias nws yuav siv lub zog loj los hloov ua kua dej nyob rau hauv nws gaseous theem, dej vapor.
Vim li cas hydrogen bonds tseem ceeb hauv dej?
Hydrogen bonds hauv dej muab ntau yam txiaj ntsig zoo rau dej : cohesion (tuav dej molecules ua ke), cov cua kub tshwj xeeb (nqus cua sov thaum tawg, tso cua sov thaum tsim; txo qhov kub hloov pauv), kub kub ntawm vaporization (ntau hydrogen bonds yuav tsum tau tawg thiaj li yuav evaporate dej )
Pom zoo:
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm electrostatic muaj peev xwm thiab electrostatic muaj peev xwm zog?
Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm electrostatic potentialenergy thiab hluav taws xob (al) muaj peev xwm zog. Lub peev xwm hluav taws xob ntawm ib qho taw tes yog kev ua haujlwm los ntawm lwm qhov kev quab yuam hauv kev txav chav tsev zoo los ntawm ib qho arbitrarilychosen xoom ntawm lub peev xwm (feem ntau infinity) mus rau lub ntsiab lus
Puas muaj peev xwm hluav taws xob thiab lub zog muaj peev xwm tib yam Vim li cas lossis vim li cas ho tsis?
Lub zog muaj peev xwm hluav taws xob Ue yog lub zog muaj peev xwm khaws cia thaum cov nqi tawm ntawm qhov sib npaug (xws li lub zog muaj peev xwm gravitational). Lub peev xwm hluav taws xob zoo ib yam, tab sis ib tus nqi, Ueq. Ib qho hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm sib txawv ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus hu ua voltage, V = Ue2q−Ue1q
Yuav ua li cas oxygen tshwm sim hauv xwm piav qhia txog lub voj voog oxygen hauv qhov xwm txheej?
Piav lub voj voog oxygen hauv qhov xwm txheej. Oxygen muaj nyob rau hauv ob hom sib txawv hauv qhov xwm txheej. Cov ntaub ntawv no tshwm sim raws li cov pa roj carbon monoxide 21% thiab ua ke hauv daim ntawv oxides ntawm hlau thiab nonmetals, nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust, cua thiab dej. Oxygen rov qab mus rau qhov chaw los ntawm cov txheej txheem hu ua photosynthesis
Yam dab tsi ntawm cov dej zoo tshaj plaws piav qhia nws lub peev xwm los yaj ntau yam khoom siv?
Vim tias nws cov polarity thiab muaj peev xwm tsim cov ntawv cog lus hydrogen, dej ua rau cov kuab tshuaj zoo heev, txhais tau tias nws tuaj yeem yaj ntau hom molecules
Dab tsi yog cov qauv ntawm lub zog nyob rau hauv lub peev xwm thiab lub zog kinetic?
Lub zog muaj peev xwm yog khaws cia lub zog thiab lub zog ntawm txoj haujlwm - lub zog gravitational. Muaj ntau hom kev muaj peev xwm muaj zog. Kinetic zog yog kev txav - ntawm nthwv dej, electrons, atoms, molecules, tshuaj, thiab khoom. Chemical Zog yog lub zog khaws cia hauv cov khoom sib txuas ntawm atoms thiab molecules