HBr ua li cas rau cawv?
HBr ua li cas rau cawv?

Video: HBr ua li cas rau cawv?

Video: HBr ua li cas rau cawv?
Video: Ua li cas by DeathRhyme 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Thaum kho nrog HBr lub HCl cawv Feem ntau ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv nucleophilic los tsim cov alkyl halide thiab dej. Cawv txheeb ze reactivity xaj: 3o > 2o > 1o > methyl. Hydrogen halide reactivity xaj: HI > HBr > HCl > HF (paralleling acidity order).

Ib yam li ntawd ib tug yuav nug, puas muaj cawv ua rau HCl?

Tertiary cawv react tsim nyog sai nrog concentrated hydrochloric acid , tab sis rau thawj lossis theem nrab cawv tus tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi yog qeeb heev rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua qhov tseem ceeb heev. Ib tug tertiary cawv reacts Yog hais tias nws yog shaken nrog concentrated hydrochloric acid ntawm chav tsev kub.

Tsis tas li ntawd, koj ua li cas Protonate ib qho cawv? Lub cev qhuav dej feem ntau yog ua los ntawm kev ua kom sov cawv nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug muaj zog dehydrating acid, xws li concentrated sulfuric acid. Feem ntau cawv Lub cev qhuav dej tshwm sim los ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv qab no. Protonation ntawm pawg hydroxyl tso cai rau nws tawm mus ua cov dej molecule.

Ib yam li ib tug yuav nug, pbr3 ua li cas rau ib qho cawv?

Kev siv tseem ceeb rau phosphorus tribromide yog rau kev hloov pauv ntawm thawj lossis theem nrab cawv rau alkyl bromides, raws li tau piav qhia saum toj no. PBr3 feem ntau muab cov txiaj ntsig siab dua li hydrobromic acid, thiab nws zam cov teeb meem ntawm carbocation rearrangement - piv txwv li txawm tias neopentyl bromide tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cawv hauv 60% yield.

Puas yog HCl muaj zog Nucleophile?

Thiab peb paub qhov ntawd HCl yog a muaj zog acid, thiab peb kuj paub cov muaj zog dua cov kua qaub qis dua lub hauv paus conjugate, yog li cov chloride anion yog lub hauv paus tsis muaj zog, thiab yog vim li cas nws tsuas yog yuav ua haujlwm raws li ib qho nucleophile nyob rau hauv peb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

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