Puas yog cov cawv thawj zaug ua rau HCl?

2024 Tus sau: Miles Stephen | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-15 23:36

Tertiary cawv react tsim nyog sai nrog concentrated hydrochloric acid , tab sis rau thawj los yog theem nrab cawv tus tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi yog qeeb heev rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua qhov tseem ceeb heev. Ib tug tertiary cawv reacts Yog hais tias nws yog shaken nrog concentrated hydrochloric acid ntawm chav tsev kub.

Ntxiv mus, yuav ua li cas tshwm sim thaum cawv ua rau HCl?

Ethanol reacts nrog concentrated hydrochloric acid ( HCl ) los tsim ethyl chloride. Thawj kauj ruam nyob rau hauv tshuaj tiv thaiv yog lub protonation ntawm hydroxyl pab pawg neeg thiab cov kauj ruam thib ob yog tshem tawm cov dej ua raws li los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm halide ion raws li ib tug nucleophile los tsim cov khoom hloov.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov dej cawv thawj zaug puas muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua? yog li cov reactivity yog siab dua thawj los yog theem nrab cawv . Tertiary cawv yog ntau reactive vim tias qhov ntau ntawm cov pab pawg alkyl nce + I nyhuv. Yog li, tus nqi ceev ntawm carbon atom nce thiab li no nyob ib ncig ntawm oxygen atom. Qhov no qhia tau tias lawv yog ntau reactive.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cawv puas ua rau cov kua qaub?

Cawv react nrog lub zog acidic hydrogen halides HCl, HBr, thiab HI, tab sis lawv ua tsis yog teb nrog nonacidic NaCl, NaBr, lossis NaI.

Vim li cas cov cawv tseem ceeb ua rau sai dua?

Yog li cawv uas daim ntawv ruaj khov carbocations yuav teb sai dua tshaj cawv uas tsim tsawg ruaj khov carbocations. Secondary cawv yuav siv ob peb feeb rau teb , thiab thawj cawv yuav tsis teb tag nrho. 3 ° carbocations ruaj khov dua 2 ° lossis 1 ° carbocations thiab yog li daim ntawv sai dua.