Video: Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv nruab nrab?
2024 Tus sau: Miles Stephen | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-15 23:36
Neutral mutations yog cov kev hloov pauv hauv DNA ib ntus uas tsis muaj txiaj ntsig lossis cuam tshuam rau lub peev xwm ntawm cov kab mob kom muaj sia nyob thiab yug me nyuam. Neutral mutations kuj yog lub hauv paus rau kev siv cov moos molecular los txheeb xyuas cov xwm txheej evolutionary xws li speciation thiab adaptive lossis evolutionary radiations.
Ua li no, piv txwv li kev hloov pauv nruab nrab yog dab tsi?
Piv txwv ntawm nruab nrab mutations yuav yog cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov lus sib txawv hauv cov kab ke caj ces (cov kab ke uas tsim cov protein ntau), uas cuam tshuam rau cov cheeb tsam uas tsis yog coding ntawm chromosome (saib cov noob caj noob ces), los yog ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tsis zoo (xws li hom ntshav lossis qhov muag xim hauv tib neeg).
Ib tug kuj yuav nug, dab tsi yog kev hloov pauv muaj txiaj ntsig? Cov kab mob kis tau kev hloov pauv thoob plaws hauv lawv lub neej. Cov no kev hloov pauv yog kev hloov pauv rau lawv cov caj ces, lossis DNA. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau lub sijhawm, a kev hloov pauv tshwm sim uas yog muaj txiaj ntsig mus rau lub cev. Cov no kev hloov pauv tau zoo suav nrog tej yam xws li lactose kam rau ua, nplua nuj xim tsis pom kev thiab, nyob rau hauv ib co, tiv thaiv kab mob HIV.
Kuj nug, yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau rau kev hloov pauv nruab nrab los ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb?
A: A nruab nrab mutation tau tuaj rau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv evolution ntawm hom raws li lawv tsis ua mob los yog coj ib tug txiaj ntsim rau ib hom. Lawv tsuas ntxiv rau cov pej xeem, tsa qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo kev hloov pauv yug los.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm kev hloov pauv ntsiag to thiab kev hloov pauv nruab nrab?
A Kev hloov ntsiag to yog qhov hloov pauv rau DNA uas tsis cuam tshuam rau ib qho protein uas tsim tawm. Qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim qhov kev hloov pauv tsis tshwm sim hauv a gene, los yog vim nws tsim ib codon tshiab hauv a gene uas codes rau tib amino acid li qub codon. Cov kev hloov uas ntsiag to yog li no subsets ntawm nruab nrab mutations.
Pom zoo:
Vim li cas tom qab kev hloov pauv kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb?
Kev hloov pauv tom qab kev txhais lus (PTMs) xws li glycosylation thiab phosphorylation ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm hemostatic proteins thiab tseem ceeb heev hauv kev teeb tsa kab mob. Xws li theem nrab hloov pauv rau cov proteins hemostatic muaj ntau yam cuam tshuam rau lawv lub peev xwm los cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov proteins
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm ib puag ncig kev hloov pauv thiab kev hloov pauv qub txeeg qub teg?
Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tib neeg ntawm tib hom yog hu ua variation. Qhov no yog inherited variation. Qee qhov kev hloov pauv yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm ib puag ncig, lossis ib tus neeg ua dab tsi. Qhov no yog hu ua environmental variation
Qhov nruab nrab nruab nrab ntawm lub ntiaj teb yog dab tsi?
Lub teb chaws qhov ntsuas kub yog 2.91 ° C (5.24 ° F) saum toj no 1961-1990 qhov nruab nrab, tawg cov ntaub ntawv yav dhau los tau teev tseg hauv 2013 los ntawm 0.99 ° C (1.78 ° F)
Peb qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov pauv yog dab tsi?
Allele frequencies nyob rau hauv ib tug pej xeem yuav hloov vim plaub lub hauv paus zog ntawm evolution: Natural Selection, Genetic Drift, Mutations thiab Gene Flow. Kev hloov pauv yog qhov kawg ntawm cov alleles tshiab hauv cov noob caj noob ces. Ob ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov pauv yog: Natural Selection thiab Genetic Drift
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm instantaneous thiab nruab nrab ceev dab tsi yog qhov piv txwv loj tshaj ntawm kev ceev ceev?
Qhov nruab nrab ceev yog qhov ceev nruab nrab ntawm lub sijhawm. Instantaneous ceev yuav yog qhov ceev txhua qhov muab tam sim ntawd hauv lub sijhawm ntawd, ntsuas nrog lub ntsuas ntsuas lub sijhawm