Cov txheej txheem:
Video: Dab tsi ua rau cell mutation?
2024 Tus sau: Miles Stephen | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-15 23:36
Tau (los yog somatic) kev hloov pauv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tej lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg lub neej thiab tsuas yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv tej yam hlwb , tsis nyob hauv txhua qhov cell hauv lub cev. Cov kev hloov pauv no tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm ib puag ncig xws li hluav taws xob ultraviolet los ntawm lub hnub, lossis tuaj yeem tshwm sim yog tias muaj qhov yuam kev ua DNA luam nws tus kheej thaum lub sijhawm. cell kev faib.
Kuj paub yog, dab tsi yog peb lub ntsiab ua rau kev hloov pauv?
Kev hloov pauv tshwm sim spontaneously ntawm tsawg zaus vim cov tshuaj instability ntawm purine thiab pyrimidine bases thiab ua yuam kev thaum DNA replication. Lub ntuj raug tus kab mob rau tej yam ib puag ncig, xws li ultraviolet lub teeb thiab tshuaj carcinogens (piv txwv li, aflatoxin B1), kuj tuaj yeem ua mutations.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev hloov pauv ntawm tes yog dab tsi? Kev hloov pauv , kev hloov pauv hauv cov khoom siv caj ces (lub genome) ntawm a cell ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj sia nyob lossis ntawm tus kab mob uas muaj ntau dua lossis tsawg dua thiab tuaj yeem kis mus rau cell cov los yog tus kab mob cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv.
Ua raws li qhov no hauv kev txiav txim siab, dab tsi ua rau cov hlwb hloov mus ua mob qog noj ntshav?
Cells ua mob qog noj ntshav feem ntau vim yog mutations hauv lawv cov noob. Feem ntau yuav tsum muaj kev hloov pauv ntau ua ntej a cell ua a mob qog noj ntshav . Cov kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov noob sib txawv uas tswj tau cell kev loj hlob thiab kev faib tawm. Qee cov noob no hu ua qog suppressor noob.
Dab tsi yog 4 hom kev hloov pauv?
Muaj peb hom DNA Mutations: lub hauv paus hloov, tshem tawm thiab ntxig
- Kev hloov pauv hauv paus. Ib qho kev hloov pauv yog hu ua point mutations, nco qab qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm Glu --- Val uas ua rau mob qog nqaij hlav.
- Kev tshem tawm.
- Insertions.
Pom zoo:
Yuav ua li cas cov txheej txheem ntawm cell faib nyob rau hauv eukaryotes feem ntau zoo ib yam li cell faib nyob rau hauv prokaryotes?
Tsis zoo li eukaryotes, prokaryotes (uas suav nrog cov kab mob) tau txais ib hom kev faib cell hu ua binary fission. Hauv qee qhov, cov txheej txheem no zoo ib yam li mitosis; Nws yuav tsum tau rov ua dua ntawm cov cell chromosomes, cais ntawm cov theej DNA, thiab kev sib cais ntawm niam txiv cell cytoplasm
Dab tsi ua rau duplication mutation?
Duplications tshwm sim thaum muaj ntau tshaj ib daim qauv ntawm ib qho kev nthuav dav ntawm DNA. Thaum tus txheej txheem kab mob, cov ntawv luam ntxiv ntawm cov noob tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav. Cov noob tseem tuaj yeem luam tawm los ntawm evolution, qhov twg ib daim qauv tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm qub thiab lwm daim qauv ntawm cov noob ua haujlwm tshiab
Ob qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub voj voog ntawm tes yog dab tsi thiab dab tsi tshwm sim rau lub cell hauv txhua theem?
Muaj ob theem tseem ceeb hauv lub voj voog ntawm tes. Thawj theem yog interphase thaum lub cell loj hlob thiab replicates nws DNA. Qhov thib ob yog theem mitotic (M-Phase) thaum lub sijhawm cell faib thiab hloov ib daim qauv ntawm nws cov DNA mus rau ob lub hlwb zoo tib yam
Dab tsi yog 2 qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub voj voog ntawm tes thiab dab tsi tshwm sim rau lub cell hauv txhua theem?
Cov xwm txheej no tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob qhov tseem ceeb: interphase (hauv nruab nrab ntawm kev sib faib theem ua pawg G1 theem, S theem, G2 theem), thaum lub xov tooj ntawm tes tsim thiab ua nrog nws cov haujlwm metabolic; mitotic theem (M mitosis), thaum lub sij hawm lub cell yog replicating nws tus kheej
Nyob rau hauv dab tsi organelle yog pyruvate oxidation nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib lub cell?
Pyruvate oxidation cov kauj ruam Pyruvate yog tsim los ntawm glycolysis nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm, tab sis pyruvate oxidation tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub mitochondrial matrix (hauv eukaryotes). Yog li, ua ntej cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem pib, pyruvate yuav tsum nkag mus rau mitochondrion, hla nws daim nyias nyias thiab tuaj txog ntawm matrix