Puas yog ketones lossis aldehydes muaj cov ntsiab lus kub dua?
Puas yog ketones lossis aldehydes muaj cov ntsiab lus kub dua?

Video: Puas yog ketones lossis aldehydes muaj cov ntsiab lus kub dua?

Video: Puas yog ketones lossis aldehydes muaj cov ntsiab lus kub dua?
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Rau ketones thiab aldehydes ntawm qhov zoo sib xws molecular mass, ketones muaj qhov kub siab dua vim qhov tseeb tias nws pawg carbonyl yog ntau polarized tshaj nyob rau hauv aldehydes . Yog li, kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm molecules ntawm ketones muaj zog tshaj ntawm cov molecules ntawm aldehydes , thiab uas muab a siab kub taw tes.

Ntxiv rau qhov no, puas muaj ketones muaj cov ntsiab lus kub siab dua li cawv?

Cov polar carbon-rau-oxygen ob daim ntawv cog lus ua rau aldehydes thiab ketones rau muaj cov ntsiab lus kub siab dua cov ethers thiab alkanes ntawm cov molar zoo sib xws tab sis qis dua tshaj cov piv txwv cawv uas koom nrog hauv intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

dab tsi ua haujlwm pab pawg muaj qhov kub siab tshaj plaws? Carboxylic acids muaj cov ntsiab lus kub siab dua li txhua pawg ua haujlwm tau hais. Esters tsis tuaj yeem tsim hydrogen bonds nrog lawv tus kheej, tab sis tseem muaj cov polar carbonyl pawg . Lawv muaj cov ntsiab lus kub siab dua alkanes thiab ethers, tab sis qis dua cov ntsiab lus kub dua li cawv thiab carboxylic acids.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cuab yeej ketone twg yuav raug muab piv los txiav txim siab qhov kub siab ntawm ib khub ntawm ketones?

Raws li rau Propanal vs Acetone lub sijhawm dipole ntawm propanal yog 2.52 thaum rau acetone nws yog 2.91 yog li ketones muaj siab dua dipole lub sij hawm tshaj aldehydes vim tias lawv muaj cov carbonyl ntau ntawm qhov chaw thiab yog li ketones muaj siab dua cov ntsiab lus kub tshaj li aldehydes uas muaj tib tus naj npawb ntawm carbons.

Dab tsi yog qhov kub ntawm aldehydes?

Boiling Points . Methanal yog roj ( kub point -21 ° C), thiab ethanal muaj a kub point ntawm +21 ° C. Qhov ntawd txhais tau hais tias ethanal boils nyob ze ntawm chav tsev kub . Lwm tus aldehydes thiab ketones yog kua, nrog cov ntsiab lus kub nce raws li cov molecules loj.

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