Video: Yuav ua li cas koj xam penetrance hauv noob caj noob ces?
2024 Tus sau: Miles Stephen | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-15 23:36
Nco ntsoov tias nkag mus yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob muab ib qho genotype.
Txhua lub ntsiab lus no muaj lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb:
- P(D|A) = nkag mus .
- P(D) = lub hauv paus kev pheej hmoo (qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus kab mob nyob rau hauv lub neej)
- P(A|D) = allele zaus nyob rau hauv rooj plaub.
- P(A) = allele zaus hauv cov pej xeem tswj.
Nyob rau hauv no txoj kev, koj yuav xam penetrance li cas?
Crude nkag mus Kev kwv yees tuaj yeem muab tau los ntawm kev faib cov naj npawb ntawm cov kab mob ( nkag mus ) cov tib neeg los ntawm tus lej ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom ua haujlwm ( nkag mus raws li txoj cai uas tsis yog- nkag mus , uas yog, cov tib neeg ib txwm muaj ntau tus xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv lossis cov tib neeg uas muaj kev cuam tshuam rau niam txiv thiab menyuam).
Tsis tas li ntawd, dab tsi yog penetrance thiab nthuav tawm hauv cov noob caj noob ces? Penetrance thiab kev nthuav qhia . Penetrance hais txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov noob caj noob ces los yog qhov zoo uas tau qhia. Qee qhov xwm txheej, txawm tias muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm allele, ib qho phenotype yuav tsis tshwm sim. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov no yog polydactyly hauv tib neeg (ntiv tes ntxiv thiab / lossis ntiv taw).
Tom qab ntawd, ib tug kuj yuav nug, dab tsi penetrance txhais tau tias nyob rau hauv noob caj noob ces?
Penetrance hauv noob caj noob ces yog qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm cov tib neeg nqa ib qho txawv (los yog allele) ntawm ib tug noob (genotype) uas kuj qhia txog ib qho kev sib raug zoo (phenotype). Cov piv txwv zoo siv los qhia cov qib ntawm penetrance yog feem ntau heev nkag mus.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm kev nthuav qhia thiab kev nkag mus?
Lub ntsiab qhov sib txawv ntawm kev nkag mus thiab kev nthuav qhia yog tias nkag mus yog ib qho kev ntsuas kom muaj nuj nqis, piav qhia txog qib ntawm kev qhia ntawm ib qho phenotype, uas sib haum mus rau qhov tseem ceeb genotype whereas kev nthuav qhia yog qhov twg ntawm qhov muab genotype qhia nyob rau theem phenotypic.
Pom zoo:
Dab tsi yog txhais los ntawm cov noob tseem ceeb thiab cov noob caj noob ces?
(Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm caj ces, ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog ib qho uas yog phenotypically qhia hauv heterozygotes). Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tawm tsam qhov tsis zoo uas tshwm sim tsuas yog thaum muaj ob daim ntawv theej ntawm cov noob. (Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus genetic, ib tug recessive zoo yog ib tug uas yog phenotypically qhia tsuas yog nyob rau hauv homozygotes)
Yuav ua li cas hloov cov noob caj noob ces muaj txiaj ntsig?
Cov kab mob kis tau kev hloov pauv thoob plaws hauv lawv lub neej. Cov kev hloov pauv no yog kev hloov pauv rau lawv txoj cai caj ces, lossis DNA. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaus, kev hloov pauv tshwm sim uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub cev. Cov kev hloov pauv tau zoo no suav nrog tej yam xws li lactose kam rau ua, nplua nuj xim tsis pom kev thiab, qee qhov, tiv thaiv kab mob HIV
Yuav siv cov noob caj noob ces li cas?
Cov txheej txheem caj ces yog cov txheej txheem uas siv los ntawm cov hlwb uas muaj sia nyob los txhais cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov khoom siv caj ces (DNA lossis mRNA cov kab ke ntawm nucleotide triplets, lossis codons) rau hauv cov protein. Txoj cai txhais li cas codons qhia meej tias cov amino acid yuav muab ntxiv tom ntej thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov protein
Koj cov noob caj noob ces hais li cas txog koj?
Koj Genes Thiab Koj Nws hu ua DNA, thiab feem ntau yog tib yam rau txhua tus. Tab sis ib feem me me ntawm nws yog koj ib leeg. Cov kev sib txawv no pab txiav txim seb koj zoo li cas, koj lub cev ua haujlwm, koj txoj kev pheej hmoo rau kab mob, thiab koj tus cwj pwm
Yuav ua li cas cov khoom siv caj ces hauv txhua lub xov tooj tshiab tsim los ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm tes sib piv nrog cov khoom siv caj ces hauv lub xov tooj qub?
Mitosis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob lub nuclei uas zoo tib yam rau thawj nucleus. Yog li, ob lub hlwb tshiab tsim tom qab kev faib tawm ntawm tes muaj tib yam khoom siv caj ces. Thaum lub sij hawm mitosis, chromosomes condense los ntawm chromatin. Thaum saib nrog lub microscope, chromosomes pom nyob rau hauv lub nucleus