Video: Dab tsi yog tus nqi qhia ntawm e1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv?
2024 Tus sau: Miles Stephen | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-15 23:36
E1 qhia a tshem tawm , unimolecular tshuaj tiv thaiv , qhov twg tus nqi = k [R-LG]. Hauv ib E1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv , cov tus nqi kev txiav txim siab kauj ruam yog qhov poob ntawm pawg tawm mus tsim cov carbocation nruab nrab. Qhov ruaj khov dua qhov carbocation yog, qhov yooj yim dua nws yog tsim, thiab qhov nrawm dua E1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav yog.
Ib yam li ntawd, koj ua li cas e1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv?
Ib E1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv koom nrog deprotonation ntawm hydrogen nyob ze (feem ntau yog ib qho pa roj carbon monoxide, los yog txoj hauj lwm beta) cov carbocation uas ua rau tsim cov khoom alkene. Yuav kom ua tiav qhov no, yuav tsum muaj Lewis puag.
Tsis tas li, qhov sib txawv ntawm e1 thiab e2 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog dab tsi? Mechanistically, E2 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog concerted (thiab tshwm sim sai dua), whereas E1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog stepwise (thiab tshwm sim qeeb thiab ntawm tus nqi zog dua, feem ntau). Vim E1 os kev coj tus cwj pwm, carbocation rearrangements tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv nruab nrab, xws li hais tias tus nqi zoo yog hloov chaw ntawm cov pa roj carbon ntau ruaj khov.
Xav txog qhov no, qhov sib npaug ntawm tus nqi e2 yog dab tsi?
E2 qhia ib tshem tawm , bimolecular tshuaj tiv thaiv , qhov twg tus nqi = k [B][R-LG]. Hauv ib E2 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv , cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua 2sp3 C atoms rau hauv sp2 C atoms. Qhov no txav cov neeg hloov pauv txuas ntxiv kom txo qis kev sib cuam tshuam tsis zoo. Yog li ntau qhov kev hloov pauv ntau dhau los E2 tshem tawm sai dua.
Puas yog e1 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib tham?
Yog li ntawd, qhov ruaj khov tshaj qhov carbocation yog, qhov nrawm dua tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav yog. Tus nqi ntawm E2 tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob ntawm ob qho tib si substrate thiab lub hauv paus, txij li tus nqi txiav txim siab theem yog bimolecular ( kev sib tham ). Lub hauv paus muaj zog yog feem ntau yuav tsum tau, ib qho uas yuav tso cai rau kev hloov pauv ntawm pawg polar tawm.
Pom zoo:
Yam dab tsi tuaj yeem hloov pauv yog tias koj xav nce tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj?
Cov yam ntxwv uas cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog: thaj tsam ntawm cov khoom reactant. concentration los yog siab ntawm ib tug reactant. kub. xwm ntawm cov reactants. muaj/tsis muaj catalyst
Yam dab tsi cuam tshuam rau tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj?
Cov yam ntxwv uas cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog: thaj tsam ntawm cov khoom reactant. concentration los yog siab ntawm ib tug reactant. kub. xwm ntawm cov reactants. muaj/tsis muaj catalyst
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dab tsi yog qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv neutralization?
Neutralization yog ib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv uas muaj zog acid thiab muaj zog puag react nrog ib leeg los tsim dej thiab ntsev
Dab tsi yog tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lub cev?
Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lub cev thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj yog muaj pes tsawg leeg. Hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj, muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj hauv nqe lus nug; nyob rau hauv ib qho kev hloov ntawm lub cev muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tsos, tsis hnov tsw, los yog cov duab yooj yim ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov teeb meem yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov ntsiab lus
Dab tsi yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm catalyst ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi?
Lub catalyst ua kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tsis tas siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws nce cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm kev txo qis lub zog ua kom muaj zog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Daim duab hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig los qhia txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov catalyst ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv