Video: Cov piv txwv ntawm Lewis acids yog dab tsi?
2024 Tus sau: Miles Stephen | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-15 23:36
Lewis Acids
Piv txwv xws li tooj liab (Cu2), hlau (Fe2+ thiab Fe3+), thiab hydrogen ion (H+). Ib qho atom, ion, lossis molecule uas tsis tiav octet ntawm electrons tuaj yeem txais cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Piv txwv suav nrog boron Trifluoride (BF3) thiab txhuas fluoride (AlF3).
Tsis tas li ntawd, dab tsi tuaj yeem ua raws li Lewis acid?
Lewis acids txais ib khub electron. Lewis Acids Electrophilic txhais tau tias lawv yog electron attracting. Thaum sib txuas nrog lub hauv paus kua qaub siv nws qhov qis tshaj plaws uas tsis nyob hauv molecular orbital lossis LUMO (Daim duab 2). Ib tug atom, ion, los yog molecule nrog ib tug tsis tiav octet ntawm electrons tuaj yeem ua as ib Lewis acid (e.g., IB3, AlF3).
Ib yam li ntawd, HCl puas yog Lewis acid? A Lewis acid yog ib qho electron-pair acceptor; ib Lewis puag yog ib tug electron-pair pub. Ib qho piv txwv yog HCl vs H+: HCl yog classical kua qaub , tab sis tsis yog a Lewis acid ; H+ yog a Lewis acid thaum nws tsim ib qho adduct nrog a Lewis puag.
Piv txwv li, Lewis puag nrog piv txwv yog dab tsi?
A Lewis puag , yog li ntawd, yog ib hom tsiaj uas muaj ib lub orbital uas muaj ib khub electron uas tsis koom nrog kev sib raug zoo tab sis tuaj yeem tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus nrog ib tug Lewis acid tsim a Lewis adduct. Rau piv txwv , NH3 yog a Lewis puag , vim nws muaj peev xwm pub nws ib leeg ib khub ntawm electrons.
Koj paub Lewis acids thiab bases li cas?
Txheeb xyuas qhov kua qaub thiab cov puag hauv ib qho Lewis acid – puag tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tswv yim: Hauv txhua kev sib npaug , txheeb xyuas cov reactant uas tsis muaj hluav taws xob thiab cov reactant uas yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob. Electron-deficient compound yog lub Lewis acid , hos lwm tus yog tus Lewis puag.
Pom zoo:
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