Video: Txhua ntawm 23 chromosomes ua dab tsi?
2024 Tus sau: Miles Stephen | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-15 23:36
23rd khub ntawm chromosomes yog ob qho tshwj xeeb chromosomes , X thiab Y, uas txiav txim siab peb poj niam txiv neej. Chromosomes yog tsim los ntawm DNA, thiab noob yog tshwj xeeb units ntawm chromosomal DNA. Txhua chromosome yog ib qho molecule ntev heev, yog li nws yuav tsum tau qhwv nruj nreem nyob ib ncig ntawm cov protein kom zoo ntim.
Kuj nug, txhua tus chromosome ua dab tsi?
Chromosomes yog xov zoo li cov qauv nyob rau hauv lub nucleus ntawm cov tsiaj thiab cov nroj tsuag hlwb. Txhua chromosome yog tsim los ntawm cov protein thiab ib qho molecule ntawm deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Dhau los ntawm niam txiv mus rau cov xeeb ntxwv, DNA muaj cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb uas ua txhua hom tsiaj muaj sia tshwj xeeb.
chromosome 9 yog dab tsi? Kev txheeb xyuas cov noob ntawm txhua tus chromosome yog thaj chaw nquag ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav caj ces. Vim tias cov kws tshawb fawb siv ntau txoj hauv kev los kwv yees tus lej ntawm cov noob ntawm txhua tus chromosome , kwv yees tus naj npawb ntawm cov noob sib txawv. Chromosome 9 tej zaum muaj 800 mus rau 900 cov noob uas muab cov lus qhia ua cov proteins.
Tom qab ntawd, chromosome 1 sawv cev li cas?
Chromosome 1 spans txog 249 lab nucleotide puag khub, uas yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rau DNA. Nws sawv cev txog 8% ntawm tag nrho DNA hauv tib neeg lub hlwb. Nws yog qhov kawg ua tiav chromosome , sequenced ob xyoo caum tom qab pib ntawm Human Genome Project.
Dab tsi chromosome yog qhov muag xim?
Tam sim no nws yog tseeb hais tias qhov muag xim yog ib tug polygenic zoo, lub ntsiab lus nws yog txiav txim los ntawm ntau yam noob. Ntawm cov noob uas cuam tshuam rau qhov muag xim, OCA2 thiab HERC2 sawv tawm. Ob leeg nyob ntawm tib neeg chromosome 15 . OCA2 noob tsim ib lub cell membrane thauj ntawm tyrosine, ib tug precursor ntawm melanin.
Pom zoo:
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm chromosomes chromatids thiab homologous chromosomes?
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov qhov sib txawv ntawm tus muam chromatids thiab homologous chromosomes. Sister chromatids yog siv nyob rau hauv cell division, zoo li nyob rau hauv lub cell hloov, whereas homologous chromosomes yog siv nyob rau hauv reproductive faib, zoo li ua ib tug neeg tshiab. Sister chromatids yog genetic tib yam
Dab tsi ntawm chromosomes ua cov spindle fibers txuas rau txhawm rau txav cov chromosomes ncig?
Nws thiaj li, cov microtubules txuas los ntawm centrioles ntawm cov ncej ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes txuas mus rau txhua lub centromere thiab txhim kho mus rau hauv spindle fibers. Los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm ib kawg thiab shrinking rau lwm yam, spindle fibers dlhos cov chromosomes raws nruab nrab ntawm lub cell nucleus, kwv yees li equidistant los ntawm spindle ncej
Ob qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub voj voog ntawm tes yog dab tsi thiab dab tsi tshwm sim rau lub cell hauv txhua theem?
Muaj ob theem tseem ceeb hauv lub voj voog ntawm tes. Thawj theem yog interphase thaum lub cell loj hlob thiab replicates nws DNA. Qhov thib ob yog theem mitotic (M-Phase) thaum lub sijhawm cell faib thiab hloov ib daim qauv ntawm nws cov DNA mus rau ob lub hlwb zoo tib yam
Dab tsi yog 2 qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub voj voog ntawm tes thiab dab tsi tshwm sim rau lub cell hauv txhua theem?
Cov xwm txheej no tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob qhov tseem ceeb: interphase (hauv nruab nrab ntawm kev sib faib theem ua pawg G1 theem, S theem, G2 theem), thaum lub xov tooj ntawm tes tsim thiab ua nrog nws cov haujlwm metabolic; mitotic theem (M mitosis), thaum lub sij hawm lub cell yog replicating nws tus kheej
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm microevolution thiab macroevolution Dab tsi yog qee qhov piv txwv ntawm txhua tus?
Microevolution vs. Macroevolution. Piv txwv ntawm cov kev hloov microevolutionary no yuav suav nrog kev hloov ntawm hom xim lossis loj. Macroevolution, piv txwv li, yog siv los hais txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kab mob uas tseem ceeb txaus uas, dhau sijhawm, cov kab mob tshiab yuav raug suav tias yog hom tshiab nkaus xwb