Video: Dab tsi yog txhais los ntawm steric factor?
2024 Tus sau: Miles Stephen | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-15 23:36
Kuj hu ua qhov tshwm sim yam , cov steric yam yog txhais raws li qhov piv ntawm qhov kev sim tus nqi ntawm tus nqi tas li thiab qhov kwv yees los ntawm kev sib tsoo txoj kev xav. Nws kuj tuaj yeem ua tau txhais raws li qhov piv ntawm cov pre-exponential factor thiab kev sib tsoo ntau zaus, thiab nws feem ntau tsawg dua kev sib sau.
Hauv qhov no, dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov organic chemistry?
Illustrated Glossary ntawm Organic Chemistry - Steric nyhuv. Steric cov nyhuv: Txhua yam cuam tshuam rau lub molecule, ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab lwm yam vim qhov loj ntawm atoms lossis pawg. Nov yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm a tsis muaj zog cuam tshuam los ntawm tsis muaj zog hindrance: cov tertiary carbon yog ntau hindered tshaj cov thawj carbon.
Tom qab ntawd, lo lus nug yog, dab tsi yog qhov kev xav tau steric? A steric xav tau Nws yog lub zog uas nws yuav siv los kov yeej electrostatic repulsions los ntawm nqa atoms thiab molecules los ze zog ua ke. Ib qho kev faib ua feem ntawm lub zog kinetic los ntawm kev sib tsoo yog xav tau, yog li ua kom qeeb ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv (tshaj lub peev xwm lub zog thaiv).
Ua kom pom qhov no, txhais tau li cas los ntawm cov nyhuv steric?
Cov teebmeem steric yog cov teebmeem pom nyob rau hauv molecules uas los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias atoms nyob qhov chaw. Thaum cov atoms muab tso ze rau ib leeg, qhov no raug nqi zog. Cov electrons nyob ze ntawm lub atoms xav nyob deb ntawm ib leeg. Qhov no tuaj yeem hloov txoj kev molecules xav hnov mob. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov teebmeem steric yog steric hindrance.
Dab tsi yog orientation factor?
Kev piav qhia: Orientation yam yog tus lej uas nyob nruab nrab ntawm 0 thiab 1. Nws sawv cev rau feem ntawm kev sib tsoo nrog ib qho kev taw qhia uas tso cai rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim.
Pom zoo:
Dab tsi yog cov hlau nplaum uas ua los ntawm qhov kev npaj ntawm electrons yog dab tsi?
Electrons yog teem rau hauv plhaub thiab orbitals nyob rau hauv ib tug atom. Yog hais tias lawv sau lub orbitals kom muaj ntau spin taw tes rau hauv qab (los yog vice versa), txhua atom yuav ua zoo li ib tug me me hlau nplaum. Thaum ib daim ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau nplaum (lossis lwm yam khoom siv ferromagnetic) raug rau sab nraud magnetic teb, ob yam tshwm sim
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Arrhenius txhais thiab brønsted Lowry txhais ntawm acids thiab bases?
Qhov txawv ntawm peb txoj kev xav yog qhov kev xav Arrhenius hais tias cov kua qaub ib txwm muaj H + thiab cov hauv paus ib txwm muaj OH-. Thaum tus qauv Bronsted-Lowry thov tias cov kua qaub yog cov neeg pub dawb proton thiab cov neeg txais kev lees paub yog li cov hauv paus tsis tas yuav muaj OH- yog li cov kua qaub pub ib qho proton rau dej tsim H3O +
Dab tsi yog txhais los ntawm quantization ntawm lub zog thiab quantization ntawm angular quantum?
Quantization ntawm angular momentum txhais tau hais tias lub vojvoog ntawm lub orbit thiab lub zog yuav quantized thiab. Bohr xav tias cov kab sib cais pom nyob rau hauv spectrum ntawm hydrogen atom yog vim kev hloov ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob los ntawm ib qho kev tso cai orbit / lub zog mus rau lwm qhov
Dab tsi yog qhov flux los ntawm lub voos xwmfab ntawm sab yog tias tus nqi ntawm Q yog ntawm ib qho ntawm nws lub ces kaum?
Raws li peb paub tias, tag nrho cov flux los ntawm tus nqi q yog q / ε 0 (Gauss txoj cai). Yog hais tias tus nqi yog nyob rau ntawm lub ces kaum ntawm lub voos xwmfab, ib co ntawm cov flux nkag mus rau hauv lub voos xwmfab thiab tawm los ntawm ib co ntawm nws lub ntsej muag. Tab sis qee qhov flux tsis nkag mus rau hauv lub voos xwmfab. Qhov 1/8th no yuav muab faib ua 3 ntu dua
Dab tsi yog txhais los ntawm lub sij hawm dissociation thiab dab tsi yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov khoom uas dissociates?
Dissociation, nyob rau hauv chemistry, sib cais ntawm ib yam khoom mus rau hauv atoms los yog ions. Thermal dissociation tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Piv txwv li, hydrogen molecules (H 2) dissociate rau hauv atoms (H) ntawm kub heev; ntawm 5,000 ° K txog 95% ntawm cov molecules hauv cov qauv ntawm hydrogen yog dissociated rau hauv atoms