Markovnikov txoj cai muab piv txwv li cas?
Markovnikov txoj cai muab piv txwv li cas?

Video: Markovnikov txoj cai muab piv txwv li cas?

Video: Markovnikov txoj cai muab piv txwv li cas?
Video: 7 nqi lus qhia, piv kev kawm thiab kev ua neej sib txawv li cas? 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Kev piav qhia ntawm Markovnikov's Rule Mechanism with aSimple Example. Thaum ib tug protic acid HX (X = Cl, Br, I) ntxiv rau asymmetrically hloov alkene, ntxiv ntawm acidichydrogen siv qhov chaw ntawm qhov tsawg dua cov pa roj carbon atom ntawm ob daim ntawv cog lus, thaum halide X tau ntxiv rau ntau alkyl hloov carbon atom.

Ntxiv mus, Markovnikov txoj cai nrog piv txwv yog dab tsi?

Markovnikov txoj cai ( Markovnikov Ntxiv): Nyob rau hauv ib qho ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm protic acid HX (hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, los yog hydrogen iodide) mus rau ib qho alkene los yog alkyne, cov hydrogen atom ntawm HX yuav ua ke rau cov pa roj carbon atom uas muaj coob tshaj plaws ntawm hydrogen atoms nyob rau hauv lub pib alkene oralkyne.

Qhov thib ob, Markovnikov txoj cai Class 11 yog dab tsi? Teb: Markovnikov xav a txoj cai hu ua Markovnikov txoj cai rau kev twv ua ntej ntawm cov khoom loj hauv theelectrophilic ntxiv ntawm unsymmetrical alkenes. Raws li Markovnikov txoj cai , qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov molecule ntxiv uas txuas nrog cov pa roj carbon atom uas muaj tsawg dua hydrogen atoms.

Hais txog qhov no, Markownikoff txoj cai hauv chemistry yog dab tsi?

Markovnikov txoj cai yog empirical txoj cai siv los kwv yees regioselectivity ntawm electrophilic addreactions ntawm alkenes thiab alkynes. Txhawm rau them nyiaj rau cov khoom pom, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv net yog ntxiv ntawm hydrogen atom hauv HBr rau cov pa roj carbon atom ob npaug hauv alkene, uas muaj ntau dua hydrogen atoms.

Yuav ua li cas yog markovnikov thiab anti Markovnikov txoj cai?

Anti - Markovnikov txoj cai piav txog theregiochemistry qhov twg qhov hloov pauv tau sib koom ua ke rau cov pa roj carbon tsawg dua, tsis yog cov pa roj carbon ntau hloov. Qhov no yog vim qhov hloov pauv carbocation cia ntau hyperconjugation thiab indution tshwm sim, ua rau cov carbocation ntau ruaj khov.

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