Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm ketone thiab aldehyde?
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm ketone thiab aldehyde?

Video: Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm ketone thiab aldehyde?

Video: Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm ketone thiab aldehyde?
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Koj yuav nco ntsoov tias lub qhov sib txawv ntawm ib aldehyde thiab a ketone lub cev yog lub xub ntiag ntawm hydrogen atom txuas rau carbon-oxygen ob daim ntawv cog lus hauv aldehyde . Ketones tsis muaj hydrogen. Aldehydes yog yooj yim oxidized los ntawm txhua yam ntawm cov oxidizing sib txawv: ketones tsis yog.

Ib yam li ntawd, nws tau nug, ua li cas cov pab pawg ua haujlwm ntawm aldehydes thiab ketones txawv?

Ob leeg aldehydes thiab ketones muaj carbonyl pab pawg . Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias lawv cov kev xav yog zoo sib xws ntawm no hwm. Ib aldehyde txawv los ntawm a ketone lub cev los ntawm muaj ib tug hydrogen atom txuas rau cov carbonyl pab pawg . Qhov no ua rau cov aldehydes yooj yim heev rau oxidize.

Ib yam li ntawd, kev xeem Fehling puas tuaj yeem siv los paub qhov txawv ntawm ib qho aldehyde thiab ketone? Fehling tus daws ua tau ua siv los paub qhov txawv aldehyde vs ketone lub cev pab pawg ua haujlwm. Cov compound yuav raug kuaj ntxiv rau lub Fehling daws thiab tus sib tov yog rhuab. Aldehydes yog oxidized, muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo, tab sis ketones ua tsis hnov mob, tshwj tsis yog lawv yog α-hydroxy ketones.

Xav txog qhov no, ua li cas koj paub qhov txawv ntawm ketone thiab aldehyde los ntawm kev siv tshuaj?

  1. Aldehyde - Cov aldehyde yog oxidized thiab cib liab Cu (I) oxide precipitates tawm,
  2. Ketone - Tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
  3. Aldehyde - Thaum cua sov nrog Tollen's reagent khoom nyiaj hlau yog tsim raws li Ag+ raug txo kom Ag.
  4. Ketone - Tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Ib qho piv txwv ntawm aldehyde yog dab tsi?

Aldehydes tau muab tib lub npe tab sis nrog lub ntsiab lus -ic acid hloov los ntawm - aldehyde . Ob piv txwv yog formaldehyde thiab benzaldehyde. Raws li lwm tus piv txwv , lub npe CH2=CHCHO, uas lub npe IUPAC yog 2-propenal, yog acrolein, lub npe muab los ntawm acrylic acid, niam txiv carboxylic acid.

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