Cov txheej txheem:
2024 Tus sau: Miles Stephen | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-15 23:36
Hauv chemistry, a pab pawg (tseem hu ua tsev neeg) yog ib kem ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv daim ntawv qhia hnub ntawm cov tshuaj chemical. Muaj 18 tus lej pab pawg hauv daim ntawv qhia hnub ; cov kab f-block (nruab nrab pab pawg 3 thiab 4) tsis suav nrog.
Ib yam li ntawd, dab tsi yog ib pab pawg ntawm lub rooj zaum?
A pab pawg yog ib kem ntawm lub daim ntawv qhia hnub . Cov ntsiab lus zoo ib yam pab pawg feem ntau muaj cov khoom zoo sib xws, vim tias lawv muaj tib tus lej ntawm cov hluav taws xob hauv lub plhaub sab nraud. Muaj yim lub ntsiab pab pawg ntawm cov ntsiab lus, naj npawb 1, 2, thiab 13-18. Pab pawg 1: cov hlau alkali (lithium tsev neeg) * tsis suav nrog hydrogen.
Ib yam li ntawd, dab tsi yog pab pawg hauv chemistry? Pab pawg Txhais: Hauv chemistry , a pab pawg yog ib kab ntsug nyob rau hauv Lub Sijhawm Table. Pawg tuaj yeem raug xa mus rau tus lej lossis los ntawm lub npe. Piv txwv li, Pab pawg 1 tseem hu ua Alkali Metals.
Ua raws li qhov no, dab tsi yog 8 pawg ntawm lub rooj zaum?
Cov npe hauv qab no rau cov pab pawg tshwj xeeb hauv cov ntawv teev sijhawm yog siv ntau:
- Pawg 1: alkali hlau.
- Pawg 2: alkaline ntiaj teb hlau.
- Pawg 11: nyiaj npib hlau (tsis yog IUPAC pom zoo lub npe)
- Pawg 15: pnictogens (tsis yog IUPAC pom zoo lub npe)
- Pawg 16: chalcogens.
- Pawg 17: halogens.
- Pawg 18: cov pa roj.
Yuav ua li cas cov pab pawg nyob rau hauv lub periodic table?
Pawg ntawm daim ntawv qhia hnub . Cov ntsiab lus s-, p-, thiab d-block ntawm cov daim ntawv qhia hnub tau teem rau hauv 18 suav kem, lub pab pawg . Cov ntsiab lus hauv txhua pab pawg muaj ib yam tus lej ntawm valence electrons. Yog li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus hauv tib yam pab pawg feem ntau tso saib cov khoom zoo sib xws thiab reactivity.
Pom zoo:
Cov pab pawg twg ntawm cov ntawv teev sijhawm twg yog cov tshuaj chlorine?
Chlorine belongs rau pab pawg neeg ntawm halogens - ntsev tsim - ua ke nrog fluorine (F), bromine (Br), iodine (I) thiab astatine (At). Lawv tag nrho nyob rau hauv kab thib ob los ntawm sab xis ntawm lub rooj sib tham hauv Pawg 17. Lawv cov teeb tsa hluav taws xob zoo sib xws, muaj xya lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv lawv lub plhaub sab nraud
Dab tsi feem ntau yog pab pawg ua haujlwm thiab vim li cas cov pab pawg no tseem ceeb?
Cov pab pawg ua haujlwm tau txuas mus rau carbonbackbone ntawm cov organic molecules. Lawv txiav txim siab tus yam ntxwv thiab tshuaj lom neeg reactivity ntawm molecules. Cov pab pawg ua haujlwm tsis tshua muaj kev ruaj ntseg dua li cov pa roj carbon monoxide thiab zoo li yuav koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv
Dab tsi yog pawg ntawm cov lus teev sijhawm?
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los faib cov ntsiab lus, tab sis lawv feem ntau muab faib ua hlau, semimetals (metalloids), thiab nonmetals. Koj yuav pom ntau pab pawg tshwj xeeb, xws li cov hlau hloov pauv, cov av tsis tshua muaj, cov hlau alkali, alkaline ntiaj teb, halogens, thiab cov roj av zoo
Puas yog cov ntsiab lus uas muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg zoo sib xws yuav pom nyob rau tib lub sijhawm lossis hauv tib pab pawg piav qhia koj cov lus teb?
Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov tshuaj muaj zog nyob ntawm tsis muaj valence electrons. Raws li nyob rau hauv ib pawg tag nrho cov ntsiab lus muaj tib yam tsis muaj valence electron uas yog vim li cas lawv muaj cov tshuaj zoo sib xws tab sis nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm tsis muaj valence electron sib txawv uas yog vim li cas lawv txawv nyob rau hauv chemical zog
Dab tsi yog 3 lub ntsiab lus uas ploj lawm hauv daim ntawv teev sijhawm?
Tom qab ntawd nws tau pom tias yog gallium. Gallium, germanium, thiab scandium yog tag nrho cov tsis paub nyob rau hauv 1871, tab sis Mendeleev tshuav qhov chaw rau txhua tus thiab kwv yees lawv cov atomic masses thiab lwm yam tshuaj. Tsis pub dhau 15 xyoos, cov ntsiab lus "tsis ploj" tau pom, ua raws li cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb Mendeleev tau sau tseg